Global, regional and national incidence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life‐years of skin cancers and trend analysis from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Zhang, Wei; Zeng, Wen; Jiang, Aofei; He, Zijiang J.; Shi, Xiaoping; Dong, Xian; Feng, Jiatao; Lü, Hongguang

doi:10.1002/cam4.4046

Cited by 80 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Deficiencies in zinc and folic acid also affect the occurrence of alopecia areata ( 16 ). The increases in the incidence and DALYs in Western Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia might be due to the increase in population growth, urbanization, increased household income, increased self-examination, and screening programs, improved access to early detection ( 17 ). Besides, in Asian societies, hair often represents an important factor in femininity, fertility, and female attractiveness, and thus may lead to higher disease awareness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Trends in Alopecia Areata at the Global, Regional, and National Levels

Wang

Pan

Wu³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundNo comprehensive studies have been published on the global burden of alopecia areata since 2010.ObjectiveWe aimed to measure the global, regional, and national incidence of alopecia areata and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI) value from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify temporal trends in the age-standardized rates of alopecia areata incidence and DALYs. The correlations between EAPCs in the age-standardized rates and SDI values were also analyzed.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the alopecia areata incidence number and the associated number of DALYs increased globally by 49.14%, and 49.51%, respectively. The global age-standardized incidence rate decreased (EAPC, −0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.13 to −0.12) and the age-standardized DALY rate showed a downward trend (EAPC, −0.12; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.11). The largest increases in the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALY rate were observed in Low SDI quintile and Western Sub-Saharan Africa regions. The regions with the greatest changes in the incidence of alopecia areata were Central Sub-Saharan Africa and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. The three countries with the largest increases in alopecia areata incidence from 1990 to 2019 were Kuwait (EAPC, 0.15), South Sudan (EAPC, 0.12), and Nigeria (EAPC, 0.11). The age-standardized incidence rate was higher in females than in males.ConclusionGlobally, both the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized DALY rate of alopecia areata showed decreasing trends. Future preventive strategies should focus on low-income countries, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Sub-Saharan Africa, Kuwait, South Sudan, Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Trends in Alopecia Areata at the Global, Regional, and National Levels

Wang

Pan

Wu³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…burden, although evidence of declining melanoma incidence in younger age groups in some populations continues to emerge An analysis of Global Burden of Disease data found that in 2019, there were an estimated 4.0 million basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 2.4 million cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 0.3 million malignant melanomas globally [203]. There were ~ 63,000 deaths due to melanoma and 56,000 due to SCC (and none due to BCC).…”

Section: Skin Cancer Continues To Exert a Considerablementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Barnes

Robson

Neale

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.

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“…CM is an increasingly concerning public health issue, mainly due to its rising incidence, fast metastasis and high mortality rates ( 1 ). CM arises from the malignant transformation of melanocytes found in the skin epidermis, which produce the photoprotective pigment melanin and are also involved in ROS/RNS scavenging, thermoregulation and immunomodulation ( 2 – 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dark Side of Melanin Secretion in Cutaneous Melanoma Aggressiveness

Cabaço

Tomás²,

Pojo³

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Skin cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide and are increasingly prevalent. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is characterized by the malignant transformation of melanocytes in the epidermis. Although CM shows lower incidence than other skin cancers, it is the most aggressive and responsible for the vast majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Indeed, 75% of patients present with invasive or metastatic tumors, even after surgical excision. In CM, the photoprotective pigment melanin, which is produced by melanocytes, plays a central role in the pathology of the disease. Melanin absorbs ultraviolet radiation and scavenges reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) resulting from the radiation exposure. However, the scavenged ROS/RNS modify melanin and lead to the induction of signature DNA damage in CM cells, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, which are known to promote CM immortalization and carcinogenesis. Despite triggering the malignant transformation of melanocytes and promoting initial tumor growth, the presence of melanin inside CM cells is described to negatively regulate their invasiveness by increasing cell stiffness and reducing elasticity. Emerging evidence also indicates that melanin secreted from CM cells is required for the immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment. Indeed, melanin transforms dermal fibroblasts in cancer-associated fibroblasts, suppresses the immune system and promotes tumor angiogenesis, thus sustaining CM progression and metastasis. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of melanin secretion in CM aggressiveness and the molecular machinery involved, as well as the impact in tumor microenvironment and immune responses. A better understanding of this role and the molecular players involved could enable the modulation of melanin secretion to become a therapeutic strategy to impair CM invasion and metastasis and, hence, reduce the burden of CM-associated deaths.

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Global, regional and national incidence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life‐years of skin cancers and trend analysis from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 80 publications

References 35 publications

Epidemiological Trends in Alopecia Areata at the Global, Regional, and National Levels

Epidemiological Trends in Alopecia Areata at the Global, Regional, and National Levels

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

The Dark Side of Melanin Secretion in Cutaneous Melanoma Aggressiveness

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