Global heat stress on health, wildfires, and agricultural crops under different levels of climate warming

Sun, Qing; Miao, Chiyuan; Hanel, Martin; Borthwick, Alistair G.L.; Duan, Qingyun; Ji, Duoying; Li, Hu

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.025

Cited by 251 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…With global warming, heat-induced losses in an agricultural economy will further extend worldwide [ 1 ]. Multiple mechanisms of plants adapting to high temperature environments have been investigated in the past 50 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-Aminobutyric Acid Enhances Heat Tolerance Associated with the Change of Proteomic Profiling in Creeping Bentgrass

et al. 2020

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) participates in the regulation of adaptability to abiotic stress in plants. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of GABA priming on improving thermotolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) based on analyses of physiology and proteome using iTRAQ technology. GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basis, membrane stability, and osmotic adjustment (OA) than untreated plants during a prolonged period of heat stress (18 days), which indicated beneficial effects of GABA on alleviating heat damage. Protein profiles showed that plants were able to regulate some common metabolic processes including porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, glutathione metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, carbon fixation, and amino acid metabolism for heat acclimation. It is noteworthy that the GABA application particularly regulated arachidonic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis related to better thermotolerance. In response to heat stress, the GABA priming significantly increased the abundances of Cu/ZnSOD and APX4 that were consistent with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. The GABA-upregulated proteins in relation to antioxidant defense (Cu/ZnSOD and APX4) for the reactive oxygen species scavenging, heat shock response (HSP90, HSP70, and HSP16.9) for preventing denatured proteins aggregation, stabilizing abnormal proteins, promoting protein maturation and assembly, sugars, and amino acids metabolism (PFK5, ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 5; FK2, fructokinase 2; BFRUCT, β-fructofuranosidase; RFS2, galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase 2; ASN2, asparagine synthetase 2) for OA and energy metabolism, and transcription factor (C2H2 ZNF, C2H2 zinc-finger protein) for the activation of stress-defensive genes could play vital roles in establishing thermotolerance. Current findings provide an illuminating insight into the new function of GABA on enhancing adaptability to heat stress in plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-Aminobutyric Acid Enhances Heat Tolerance Associated with the Change of Proteomic Profiling in Creeping Bentgrass

et al. 2020

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“…The international community recognizes global warming as an impending catastrophe that will cause irreversible damage to the environment and also threatens life on earth [26,27]. The unprecedented rate and scale of destruction on the environment is so severe in the last century that scientists acknowledged the beginning of new geological epoch, known as the Anthropocene age, which replaces the current Holocene age that existed for 11,700 years before it was formally adopted in 1885 [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the effort of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 195 countries became signatories of the Paris Agreement in 2015, which reinforced the urgent need to limit global warming to <2 • C above pre-industrial period [28]. A target of <1.5 • C increase in GMT above pre-industrial period was set by the Paris Agreement as the "defense line" from the limit of 2 • C. An increase in GMT by >2 • C above pre-industrial period was forecasted to have far reaching impact on the environment and to cause irreversible destruction of earth's natural geography that would lead to food and water scarcity and extreme weather conditions [27,29]. GMT has been increasing since the beginning of the century with industrialization [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic heat production can increase by >10-fold during high intensity physical exertion, which can overwhelm the heat dissipation mechanisms and promote heat storage in the body [6,7]. Global warming would have wide ranging impact on human health, functions and activities, which in turn, would have downstream effects on the operation and design of economies, industries and societies [27]. Human-centricity is, therefore, an imperative in the design of strategies and solutions to limit the effects of global warming on life and planet earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental Concepts of Human Thermoregulation and Adaptation to Heat: A Review in the Context of Global Warming

Lim

2020

IJERPH

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The international community has recognized global warming as an impending catastrophe that poses significant threat to life on earth. In response, the signatories of the Paris Agreement (2015) have committed to limit the increase in global mean temperature to < 1.5 °C from pre-industry period, which is defined as 1950–1890. Considering that the protection of human life is a central focus in the Paris Agreement, the naturally endowed properties of the human body to protect itself from environmental extremes should form the core of an integrated and multifaceted solution against global warming. Scholars believe that heat and thermoregulation played important roles in the evolution of life and continue to be a central mechanism that allows humans to explore, labor and live in extreme conditions. However, the international effort against global warming has focused primarily on protecting the environment and on the reduction of greenhouse gases by changing human behavior, industrial practices and government policies, with limited consideration given to the nature and design of the human thermoregulatory system. Global warming is projected to challenge the limits of human thermoregulation, which can be enhanced by complementing innate human thermo-plasticity with the appropriate behavioral changes and technological innovations. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to discuss the fundamental concepts and physiology of human thermoregulation as the underlying bases for human adaptation to global warming. Potential strategies to extend human tolerance against environmental heat through behavioral adaptations and technological innovations will also be discussed. An important behavioral adaptation postulated by this review is that sleep/wake cycles would gravitate towards a sub-nocturnal pattern, especially for outdoor activities, to avoid the heat in the day. Technologically, the current concept of air conditioning the space in the room would likely steer towards the concept of targeted body surface cooling. The current review was conducted using materials that were derived from PubMed search engine and the personal library of the author. The PubMed search was conducted using combinations of keywords that are related to the theme and topics in the respective sections of the review. The final set of articles selected were considered “state of the art,” based on their contributions to the strength of scientific evidence and novelty in the domain knowledge on human thermoregulation and global warming.

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“…The study of Hansen et al (2010) suggests that the average temperature around the world have risen by 0.75 C over the last 100 years about two thirds of this increase has occurred since 1975. Sun et al (2019) investigated the impacts of global warming on health, wildfires and agricultural crops. In 2010, Casper (2010) investigated the impacts of global warming on ecological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the forest biomass a key regulator of global warming?: A mathematical modelling study

Panja

2020

Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes

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In this article, a mathematical model has been formulated by considering forest biomass and global warming as a separate compartment. It is assumed that the forest biomass follow logistic growth in the absence of global warming. It is also assumed that the growth of forest biomass is affected by global warming. It is considered that the density of forest biomass decreases due to natural burning of forests, cut down of forest biomass by human beings and continuous harvesting of forest biomass by human being. It is found that if we can increase the area of forest biomass then the rate of increase of global warming will be reduced. It is also found that if the harvesting rate of forest biomass increases, then global warming will be gradually increased. Finally, some numerical simulation results have been presented.

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Global heat stress on health, wildfires, and agricultural crops under different levels of climate warming

Cited by 251 publications

References 50 publications

γ-Aminobutyric Acid Enhances Heat Tolerance Associated with the Change of Proteomic Profiling in Creeping Bentgrass

γ-Aminobutyric Acid Enhances Heat Tolerance Associated with the Change of Proteomic Profiling in Creeping Bentgrass

Fundamental Concepts of Human Thermoregulation and Adaptation to Heat: A Review in the Context of Global Warming

Is the forest biomass a key regulator of global warming?: A mathematical modelling study

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