Global health burden of ambient PM2.5 and the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon and organic aerosols

Chowdhury, Sourangsu; Pozzer, Andrea; Haines, Andy; Klingmüller, Klaus; Münzel, Thomas; Paasonen, Pauli; Sharma, Aakanksha; Venkataraman, Chandra; Lelieveld, J.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.107020

Cited by 108 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Table 3 lists the five global studies that associated the exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and related excess deaths to anthropogenic and natural sources (S. Chowdhury et al., 2022 ; J. Lelieveld et al., 2015 ; J. Lelieveld, Klingmüller, Pozzer, Burnett, et al., 2019 ; McDuffie et al., 2021 ; Weagle et al., 2018 ). Studies that attribute only anthropogenic PM 2.5 without considering the natural sources (Crippa et al., 2019 ; Silva, Adelman, et al., 2016 ; Vohra et al., 2021 ) were excluded from the table.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the exposure‐response functions consider PM 2.5 mass, its composition can vary greatly between different regions (S. Chowdhury et al., 2022 ; Weagle et al., 2018 ). It is important, therefore, to investigate the impact of different substances present in aerosols on human health, Evidence suggests that anthropogenic secondary aerosols (such as sulfates and nitrates), black carbon and primary organic aerosols, are main causes of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, due to the induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response (Bates et al., 2019 ; S. Chowdhury et al., 2022 ; Daellenbach et al., 2020 ; Huang et al., 2012 ; Lippmann et al., 2013 ; Niranjan & Thakur, 2017 ; Park et al., 2018 ; Weichenthal et al., 2016 ). However, no definitive conclusions have thus far been reached, and more research in this direction is indeed needed to clarify the health burden of aerosol components as advocated already in many publications (Kelly & Fussell, 2012 ; J. Lelieveld et al., 2015 ; Rohr & Wyzga, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, alternative methods for PM 2.5 exposure assessment have gained importance. Global atmospheric chemistry models (informed by emission inventories) validated against observations, can be used for assessing exposure to PM 2.5 (Brauer et al., 2012 , 2016 ; S. Chowdhury et al., 2020 , 2022 ; J. Lelieveld et al., 2015 , 2020 ; Lelieveld, Klingmüller, Pozzer, Burnett, et al., 2019 ) but are often hamstrung by the coarse horizontal resolution. Recent exposure assessment studies have applied advanced techniques to utilize the desirable temporal resolution from global atmospheric models, accuracy of ground based measurements and high spatial resolution of satellite retrievals to produce hybrid products of PM 2.5 exposure (Shaddick et al., 2018 ; van Donkelaar et al., 2010 , 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodology For Estimating Excess Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution: A Review of Global Estimates

et al. 2023

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Since the publication of the first epidemiological study to establish the connection between long‐term exposure to atmospheric pollution and effects on human health, major efforts have been dedicated to estimate the attributable mortality burden, especially in the context of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). In this work, we review the estimates of excess mortality attributable to outdoor air pollution at the global scale, by comparing studies available in the literature. We find large differences between the estimates, which are related to the exposure response functions as well as the number of health outcomes included in the calculations, aspects where further improvements are necessary. Furthermore, we show that despite the considerable advancements in our understanding of health impacts of air pollution and the consequent improvement in the accuracy of the global estimates, their precision has not increased in the last decades. We offer recommendations for future measurements and research directions, which will help to improve our understanding and quantification of air pollution‐health relationships.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology For Estimating Excess Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution: A Review of Global Estimates

et al. 2023

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“…Regardless of the achievements that these policies adopted and adapted to the reality of the countries have produced in various parts of the world, one of the most relevant limitations of this metric is that it does not consider the complexity of the chemical composition of the particles, which will vary substantially locally, since the sources that contribute to PM concentrations can be very diverse . Several authors consider that in addition to using mass as a risk assessment metric, the use of indicators such as black carbon (BC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals should be explored as possible metrics (Chowdhury et al, 2022;Krzyzanowski et al, 2014;Grahame et al, 2014;Peng et al, 2013;Sosa et al, 2017), especially in urban areas where quality of the air is dominated by combustion processes with different geographic, topographic, meteorological and social factors, as occurs in the cities of south-central Chile, where the use of firewood for cooking and heating is very intensive (Torres et al, 2021;. There are still few studies carried out in Chile that have reported the association between the components of PM2.5 and health effects.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Burden Disease Attributable to PM2.5 and Health Risk by PM2.5-bound Toxic Species in Two Urban Chilean Municipalities

Muñoz-Ibañéz

Maldonado-Alcaíno

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study aimed to estimate the environmental cancer disease burden in adults attributable to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) exposure using Ostro's function methodology, and health risk indexes for particle-bound toxic chemicals through hazard quotients (HQ, HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR, CRI) indexes from EPA guidelines, of two urban Chilean Municipalities: Coyhaique and Independencia. Quantification of chemical species (OC, EC, metals, and PAHs) was done at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, USA. Modern carbon in OC and EC analysis showed that the principal source of PM2.5 emission in Coyhaique was firewood burning compared with Independencia. The total PAHs and B[a]P concentrations were 6.3 and 8.9 times higher in Coyhaique than in Independencia. In contrast, As and Pb levels were significantly greater in Independencia. The HI was 14.5 and 2.37 times the limit considered acceptable (HI > 1) in Coyhaique and Independencia, explained 92.45% by B[a]P and 66.99% by As, respectively. CRI exceeded the threshold (1 x 10 -6 ) in Coyhaique and Independencia, explained by As (75.38%) plus B[a]P (20.30%) and As (97.01%). The attributable fraction (AF) of deaths due to lung cancer from long-term exposure to PM2.5 reached 54% (95% CI: 25-72) in Coyhaique vs. 43% (95% CI: 19 -46) in Independencia. The AF for cardiopulmonary cancer were 40% (95% CI: 17 -57) and 32% (95% CI: 12 -46), respectively. A relevant fraction of the cancer cases and potential expected adverse effects would be attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 and the presence of chemical compounds bound to the particles. These results deserve further study to help guide policy in different environments, mainly carcinogenic PM2.5-bound toxic species from other emission sources, particularly firewood burning.

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“…For example, the overexploitation and use of resources have caused serious resource scarcity risks (Qu et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2020). Excessive pollutant emissions or releases, under the influence of biogeochemical processes, can adversely affect environmental quality (e.g., water and air quality) Zhang et al, 2022c), human health (e.g., IQ decrement and premature death) (Chowdhury et al, 2022;Li et al, 2020b), and ecosystem quality (e.g., radiative forcing and biodiversity loss) (Du et al, 2021;O'Hara et al, 2021). Scholars have conducted many studies on alleviating these environmental pressures and impacts, such as estimating resource uses (Zhu et al, 2017), compiling environmental emission inventories (Deng et al, 2020), simulating the geochemical diffusion, transport, and transformation of contaminants (Zhang et al, 2016), and accounting for ecosystem services (Shah et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

Liang

Zhong

2022

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Rapid socioeconomic development has caused numerous environmental impacts. Human production and consumption activities are the underlying drivers of resource uses, environmental emissions, and associated environmental impacts (e.g., ecosystem quality and human health). Reducing environmental impacts requires an understanding of the complex interactions between socioeconomic system and environmental system. Existing studies have explored the relationships among human society, economic system, and environmental system. However, it is unclear about the research progress in the effects of socioeconomic activities on environmental impacts and the potential directions of future research. This critical review finds that existing studies have identified critical regions, sectors, and transmission pathways for resource uses, environmental emissions, and environmental impacts from supply chain perspectives. Moreover, scholars have characterized the impacts of socioeconomic transitions on resource uses and environmental emissions. However, existing studies overlook the dynamic nature of the interconnections among human society, economic system, and environmental system. In addition, the effects of socioeconomic structural transitions on environmental impacts remain unknown. This review proposes four prospects and possible solutions that will contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions among human society, economic system, and environmental system. They can help identify more effective solutions to reduce environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions.

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Global health burden of ambient PM2.5 and the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon and organic aerosols

Cited by 108 publications

References 77 publications

Mortality Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution: A Review of Global Estimates

Mortality Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution: A Review of Global Estimates

Cancer Burden Disease Attributable to PM2.5 and Health Risk by PM2.5-bound Toxic Species in Two Urban Chilean Municipalities

Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

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