Global Epidemiology of HIV-AIDS

Karim, Salim S. Abdool; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Gouws, Eleanor; Baxter, Cheryl

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.01.010

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The same nations, especially those in Africa, also struggle with significant burden due to HIV/AIDS, disproportionately affecting women[44,45]. The need for clear, evidence-based screening and treatment guidelines is especially imperative in these settings as hundreds of thousands of HIV-infected women are now accessing HAART and are starting to live longer in a moderately immunocompetent state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RTehvieew impact of antiretroviral therapy on HPV andcervical intraepithelial neoplasia: current evidence and directions for future research

Bratcher

Sahasrabuddhe

2010

Infect Agents Cancer

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Increasing numbers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are now accessing life-prolonging highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in developing countries. There is a need for better understanding of interactions of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV, especially in the context of increasing life expectancy due to HAART. The data regarding the impact of HAART on reducing the incidence and progression and facilitating the regression of HPV infection and cervical abnormalities is largely inconsistent. Published studies differ in their study designs (prospective or retrospective cohorts or record linkage studies), screening and diagnostic protocols, duration and type of HAART use, recruitment and referral strategies, and definitions of screening test and disease positivity. Due to the ethical and resource limitations in conducting randomized trials of the impact of HAART on incidence of HPV, CIN, and cervical cancer among HIV-infected women, it is important to consider innovative study designs, including quasi-experimental trials and operations research in sentinel populations to answer the critical research questions in this area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RTehvieew impact of antiretroviral therapy on HPV andcervical intraepithelial neoplasia: current evidence and directions for future research

Bratcher

Sahasrabuddhe

2010

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…An estimated 6.4 million people were living with HIV infection in South Africa in 2012[1], making South Africa the country with the largest absolute number of people living with HIV worldwide and nearly one-sixth of the burden worldwide[2]. The government of South Africa has made a strong commitment to providing HIV counseling and testing (HCT) to all individuals, and provided HCT to approximately 9 million South Africans between April 2012 and March 2013[3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiretroviral Treatment and Sexual Risk Behavior in South Africa

et al. 2015

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The sexual behavior of individuals living with HIV determines the onward transmission of HIV. With the understanding that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents transmission of HIV, the sexual behaviors of the individuals not on ART with unsuppressed viral loads becomes of the greatest importance in elucidating transmission. We assessed the association between being on ART and sexual risk behavior among those living with HIV in a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional survey of households in South Africa that was conducted in 2012. Of 2,237 adults (aged 15–49) who tested HIV-seropositive, 667 (29.8%) had detectable antiretroviral drugs in their blood specimens. Among males, 77.7% of those on ART reported having had sex in the past year contrasted with 88.4% of those not on ART (p=0.001); among females, 72.2% of those on ART reported having had sex in the past year while 80.3% of those not on ART did (p<0.001). For males and females, the odds of reporting consistent condom use and condom use at last sex were statistically significantly higher for individuals on ART compared to those not on ART (Males: consistent condom use aOR=2.8, 95% CI=1.6–4.9, condom use at last sex aOR=2.6, 95% CI=1.5– 4.6; Females: consistent condom use aOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.7–3.1, condom use at last sex aOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.7–3.1), while there were no statistically significant differences in odds of reporting multiple sexual partners in the past year. In this nationally representative population-based survey of South African adults, we found evidence of less risky sexual risk behavior among people living with HIV on ART compared to those not on ART.

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“…However, current antiviral drugs do not eradicate the virus, and prolonged treatment can have serious side effects and select drug-resistant viral strains (1). In addition, millions of new infections occur worldwide each year (2,3). Continued efforts toward the discovery of new antiviral strategies therefore remain imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bimodular DNA aptamers with guanosine quadruplexes inhibit phylogenetically diverse HIV-1 reverse transcriptases

Michałowski

Chitima-Matsiga

Held

et al. 2008

Nucleic Acids Research

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DNA aptamers RT5, RT6 and RT47 form a group of related sequences that inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). The essential inhibitory structure is identified here as bimodular, with a 5′ stem–loop module physically connected to a 3′-guanosine quadruplex module. The stem–loop tolerates considerable sequence plasticity. Connections between the guanosine triplets in the quadruplex could be simplified to a single nucleotide or a nonnucleic acid linker, such as hexaethylene glycol. All 12 quadruplex guanosines are required in an aptamer retaining most of the original loop sequence from RT6; only 11 are required for aptamer R1T (single T residue in intra-quadruplex loops). Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy gave ellipticity minima and maxima at 240 nm and 264 nm, indicating a parallel arrangement of the quadruplex strands. The simplified aptamers displayed increased overall stability. An aptamer carrying the original intra-quadruplex loops from RT6 inhibited RT in K+ buffers but not in Na+ buffers and displayed significant CD spectral broadening in Na+ buffers, while R1T inhibited RT in both buffers and displayed less broadening in Na+ buffers. The bimodular ssDNA aptamers inhibited RT from diverse primate lentiviruses with low nM IC50 values. These data provide insight into the requirements for broad-spectrum RT inhibition by nucleic acid aptamers.

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Global Epidemiology of HIV-AIDS

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

RTehvieew impact of antiretroviral therapy on HPV andcervical intraepithelial neoplasia: current evidence and directions for future research

RTehvieew impact of antiretroviral therapy on HPV andcervical intraepithelial neoplasia: current evidence and directions for future research

Antiretroviral Treatment and Sexual Risk Behavior in South Africa

Novel bimodular DNA aptamers with guanosine quadruplexes inhibit phylogenetically diverse HIV-1 reverse transcriptases

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