Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020

Pacyna, Elisabeth G.; Pacyna, Józef M.; Sundseth, Kyrre; Munthe, John; Kindbom, Karin; Wilson, Simon; Steenhuisen, Frits; Maxson, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.009

Cited by 906 publications

(675 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the past two centuries, human activities (e.g., coal combustion, mining and industry) have released a large amounts of Hg from long-term geologic storage into the biosphere (Pirrone and Mason, 2009;Pacyna et al, 2010). All kinds of Hg in the environment can convert to elemental Hg (Hg(0)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…East Asia is the largest anthropogenic Hg emission source in the world due to the rapid industrial growth and growing energy consumption over the past five decades (Streets et al, 2005;Pacyna et al, 2006Pacyna et al, , 2010Ci et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2010). Atmospheric Hg output from East Asia across the boundary has received much attentions (Jaffe et al, 2005;Ci et al, 2011b;Weiss-Penzias et al, 2007;Obrist et al, 2008;Sheu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in air and surface waters of the Yellow Sea during late spring and late fall 2012: Concentration, spatial-temporal distribution and air/sea flux

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in air and surface waters of the Yellow Sea during late spring and late fall 2012: Concentration, spatial-temporal distribution and air/sea flux

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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“…The anthropogenic Hg emission of China is the largest in the world owing to its rapid industrialization and urbanization in the last several decades, taking up approximately 30% of the global Hg emission (Pacyna et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2006). In the next few decades, anthropogenic Hg emission in China will still be likely to increase because of the continuously increasing coal consumption and nonferrous metal production Maxson, 2009;Wang et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of mercury in coastal marine sediments of China: Sources and transport

Meng

Shi

Yun

et al. 2014

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tA total of 220 surface sediments and eight sediment cores were analyzed to study the distribution and transport of Hg in Chinese marginal seas. Spatial distribution showed a general offshore decreasing trend towards the outer continental shelf. Vertical profiles of sediment cores displayed a general increasing trend from bottom to surface layers. Coastal land-based discharges and river-derived inputs are probably the main sources of Hg in coastal sediments of China seas, while TOC, pH, ocean currents and sediment characteristics could play important roles in the transport and spatial distribution of Hg in sediment. The influence of TOC on Hg concentration is more significant than that of pH. The mud deposits on the coastal shelves are main sinks of Hg in the region. The results showed that sedimentary Hg was affected by regional anthropogenic activities and riverine runoffs, and was also influenced by long-range atmospheric transport and ocean current circulations.

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“…Precise figures for these emission types are not certain, but it is thought that natural emissions (including releases from volcanoes, geothermal systems, oceanic emissions 1 as well as erosion, amongst others) comprise about 10% of emissions to the atmosphere [2][3][4][5][6] . Anthropogenic emissions (those directly originating from man-made operations, such as consumer waste, chemical manufacture, cement production, oil refining, coal burning, mining (both large scale and artisanal) and smelting) are thought to comprise about 30% of emissions 4,[7][8][9][10] . The remaining 60% of emissions of mercury to the atmosphere are thought to be from previously deposited mercury being re-emitted, such as mercury deposited in surface waters, vegetation or surface soils, which is subsequently returned to the atmosphere through processes such as forest fires, biomass burning or evaporation from surface deposits 4,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences on and patterns in total gaseous mercury (TGM) at Harwell, England

Kentisbeer

Leeson

Clark

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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The NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. Influences on and patterns in total gaseous mercury (TGM) at Harwell, EnglandAuthors: J Kentisbeer, S.R. Leeson, T Clark, H.M. Malcolm and J.N. Cape AbstractTotal Gaseous Mercury (TGM) was monitored during 2013 at the rural monitoring site, Harwell, England using the Tekran 2537A monitoring system. Average TGM for the year was 1.45 ± 0.24 ng m -3 . This is comparable to other northern hemisphere studies, but on average 0.05 ng m -3 higher than at its sister monitoring station at Auchencorth Moss, Scotland, but 14% lower than that found in a similar study at the same location of 1.68 ng m -3 in 1995/6. Using wind sector analysis we show the important influence of local emissions, with our data showing that the largest influence on TGM observed is that of the adjacent Science & Innovation campus, making the site more a 'suburban background'. By using co-located measurements of black carbon and sulphur dioxide as tracers, we present an initial investigation into the impact of the closure of Didcot A coal fired power station, which ceased operating in March 2013. Further analysis using air mass back trajectories shows the long-range contribution to TGM from continental Europe, and that the lowest levels are associated with marine air masses from the west.

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Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020

Cited by 906 publications

References 11 publications

Elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in air and surface waters of the Yellow Sea during late spring and late fall 2012: Concentration, spatial-temporal distribution and air/sea flux

Elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in air and surface waters of the Yellow Sea during late spring and late fall 2012: Concentration, spatial-temporal distribution and air/sea flux

Distribution of mercury in coastal marine sediments of China: Sources and transport

Influences on and patterns in total gaseous mercury (TGM) at Harwell, England

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