Global Distribution and Conservation of Evolutionary Distinctness in Birds

Jetz, Walter; Thomas, Gavin H.; Joy, Jeffrey B.; Redding, David W.; Hartmann, Klaas; Mooers, Arne Ø.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.011

Cited by 490 publications

(628 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…2013; Jetz et al. 2014). We assessed evolutionary distinctiveness using two different indices: fair proportion (Redding 2003) and pendant edge (Altschul and Lipman 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating data‐deficient species in analyses of evolutionary history loss

Véron

Penone²,

Clergeau

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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There is an increasing interest in measuring loss of phylogenetic diversity and evolutionary distinctiveness which together depict the evolutionary history of conservation interest. Those losses are assessed through the evolutionary relationships between species and species threat status or extinction probabilities. Yet, available information is not always sufficient to quantify the threat status of species that are then classified as data deficient. Data‐deficient species are a crucial issue as they cause incomplete assessments of the loss of phylogenetic diversity and evolutionary distinctiveness. We aimed to explore the potential bias caused by data‐deficient species in estimating four widely used indices: HEDGE, EDGE, PDloss, and Expected PDloss. Second, we tested four different widely applicable and multitaxa imputation methods and their potential to minimize the bias for those four indices. Two methods are based on a best‐ vs. worst‐case extinction scenarios, one is based on the frequency distribution of threat status within a taxonomic group and one is based on correlates of extinction risks. We showed that data‐deficient species led to important bias in predictions of evolutionary history loss (especially high underestimation when they were removed). This issue was particularly important when data‐deficient species tended to be clustered in the tree of life. The imputation method based on correlates of extinction risks, especially geographic range size, had the best performance and enabled us to improve risk assessments. Solving threat status of DD species can fundamentally change our understanding of loss of phylogenetic diversity. We found that this loss could be substantially higher than previously found in amphibians, squamate reptiles, and carnivores. We also identified species that are of high priority for the conservation of evolutionary distinctiveness.

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“…2013; Jetz et al. 2014). We assessed evolutionary distinctiveness using two different indices: fair proportion (Redding 2003) and pendant edge (Altschul and Lipman 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating data‐deficient species in analyses of evolutionary history loss

Véron

Penone²,

Clergeau

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…A recent study estimating EDGE scores across a large sample (60%) of global freshwater crayfish species found extremely high values for Euastacus species, with several (including the northernmost, E. robertsi) within the 10 highest estimated EDGE scores [46]. Geographical range size is an important predictor of extinction risk [59] and a key variable in conservation assessment [60], which may in turn be used to calculate combined metrics of distinctiveness and extinction risk such as EDGE and phylogenetic endemism [61]. Contrary to some previous examples from other taxa [59,62,63], our study demonstrates that ED and range size can be statistically non-independent, in this case owing to a shared dependence on latitude.…”

Section: Discussion (A) An Ancient Association Between Spiny Mountainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Australian spiny mountain crayfish and their temnocephalan ectosymbionts: an ancient association on the edge of coextinction?

et al. 2016

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Australian spiny mountain crayfish (Euastacus, Parastacidae) and their ecotosymbiotic temnocephalan flatworms (Temnocephalida, Platyhelminthes) may have co-occurred and interacted through deep time, during a period of major environmental change. Therefore, reconstructing the history of their association is of evolutionary, ecological, and conservation significance. Here, time-calibrated Bayesian phylogenies of Euastacus species and their temnocephalans (Temnohaswellia and Temnosewellia) indicate nearsynchronous diversifications from the Cretaceous. Statistically significant cophylogeny correlations between associated clades suggest linked evolutionary histories. However, there is a stronger signal of codivergence and greater host specificity in Temnosewellia, which co-occurs with Euastacus across its range. Phylogeography and analyses of evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) suggest that regional differences in the impact of climate warming and drying had major effects both on crayfish and associated temnocephalans. In particular, Euastacus and Temnosewellia show strong latitudinal gradients in ED and, conversely, in geographical range size, with the most distinctive, northern lineages facing the greatest risk of extinction. Therefore, environmental change has, in some cases, strengthened ecological and evolutionary associations, leaving host-specific temnocephalans vulnerable to coextinction with endangered hosts. Consequently, the extinction of all Euastacus species currently endangered (75%) predicts coextinction of approximately 60% of the studied temnocephalans, with greatest loss of the most evolutionarily distinctive lineages.

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“…In their global study on conservation of phylogenetic diversity of birds, Jetz et al ( 2014 ) devised a measure related to ED to provide scores for regions or areas. Their "EDR" score for a species is simply the ED value divided by the range (number of occupied cells) of the species.…”

Section: Calculations Using Phylogenetic Distinctiveness Fail To Intementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PD measure is applied in various sub-disciplines, highlighting distinctions between within-ecosystem versus global scales, microbial versus macrobial , and taxonomic levels ranging from populations to species and higher taxa (e.g., May-Collado and Agnarsson 2011 ; Lozupone and Knight 2005 ;Jono and Pavoine 2012 ;Jetz et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PD Phylogenetic Diversity Framework: Linking Evolutionary History to Feature Diversity for Biodiversity Conservation

Faith

2016

Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation

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Feature diversity refers to the relative number of different features represented among species or other taxa. As a storehouse of possible future benefi ts to people, it is an important focus for biodiversity conservation. The PD phylogenetic diversity measure provides a way to measure biodiversity at the level of features. PD assumes an evolutionary model in which shared features are explained by shared ancestry. This avoids philosophical and practical weaknesses of the conventional interpretation of biodiversity as based on some measure of pair-wise differences among taxa. The link to features also provides a family of PD-based calculations that can be interpreted as if we are counting-up features of taxa. The range of feature diversity calculations assists comparisons of methods, and helps overcome the current lack of review and synthesis of the variety of proposed methods for integrating evolutionary history into biodiversity conservation. One family of popular indices is based on the evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) measure. These indices all have the limitation that complementarity, refl ecting degree of phylogenetic overlap among taxa, is not properly taken into account. Related indices provide priorities or other scores for geographic areas, but do not effectively combine complementarity, probabilities of extinction, and measures of restricted-range. PD-based measures can overcome these problems. Applications include the identifi cation of key biodiversity sites of global signifi cance for biodiversity conservation.

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Global Distribution and Conservation of Evolutionary Distinctness in Birds

Cited by 490 publications

References 68 publications

Integrating data‐deficient species in analyses of evolutionary history loss

Integrating data‐deficient species in analyses of evolutionary history loss

Australian spiny mountain crayfish and their temnocephalan ectosymbionts: an ancient association on the edge of coextinction?

The PD Phylogenetic Diversity Framework: Linking Evolutionary History to Feature Diversity for Biodiversity Conservation

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