Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) for Monitoring Carbon, Water Cycles, and Climate Change

Abstract

The GCOM-C (SHIKISAI) satellite was developed to understand the mechanisms of global climate change. The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) onboard GCOM-C is an optical sensor observing wavelengths from 380 nm to 12.0 μm in 19 bands. One of the notable features is that the resolution of the 1.63-, 10.8-, and 12.0-µm bands is 250 m, with an observation frequency of 2-3 days. To investigate the effective use and potential of the 250-m resolution of these SGLI bands in the study of eruptive activities, we analyzed four practical cases. As an example of large-scale effusive activity, we studied the 2018 Kilauea eruption. By analyzing the series of 10.8-μm band images using cumulative thermal anomaly maps, we could observe that the lava effused on the lower East Rift Zone, initially owed down the southern slope to the sea, and then moved eastward. As an example of lava dome growth and generation of associated pyroclastic ows, the activity at Sheveluch between December 2018 and December 2019 was analyzed. The 1.63-and 10.8-µm bands were shown to be suitable for observing growth of the lava dome and occurrence of pyroclastic ows, respectively. We found that the pyroclastic ows occurred during periods of rapid lava dome expansion. For the study of an active crater lake, the activity of Ijen during 2019 was analyzed. The lake temperature was found to rise rapidly in mid-May and reach 38 °C in mid-June. We also analyzed the intermittent activities of small-scale Vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima in 2019. The 1.63-µm band was useful for detecting activities that are associated with Vulcanian eruptions. Analytical results for these case studies demonstrated that the GCOM-C SGLI images are bene cial for observing various aspects of volcanic activity, and their real-time use may contribute to reducing eruption-related disasters.

Application of Remote Sensing Data to Constrain Operational Rainfall-Driven Flood Forecasting: A Review

“…These missions provide high accuracy and temporal repeat but low spatial resolution products. This group includes the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) on the Aqua satellite [118], the Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) on the European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite [119], and the AMSR-2 on the newly launched Global Change Observation Mission-Water "SHIZUKU" (GCOM-W1) [120]. The other group of missions are based on the active microwave sensing technique, which sends a microwave signal and retrieves soil moisture information through the backscatter signal strength related to soil dielectric constant and surface roughness.…”

Correcting negatively biased refractivity below ducts in GNSS radio occultation: an optimal estimation approach towards improving planetary boundary layer (PBL) characterization

“…The microwave radiometry remote sensing technology is used onboard several Earth-observing satellites including AMSR-E (Kawanishi et al, 2003), AMSR-2 (Imaoka et al, 2010), TMI (Kummerow et al, 1998), and SSM/I (Alishouse et al, 1990) to acquire accurate PW observations over oceans. Also, the laserdiode sensor onboard airborne platforms such as AMDAR (Petersen et al, 2016) and ground-based GNSS receiver networks (Yuan et al, 2014) can provide PW observations over land.…”

Sensor Capability and Atmospheric Correction in Ocean Colour Remote Sensing

“…The spatial resolution (90 m) was also much more precise for each pixel. Multispectral and hyperspectral ocean colour sensors are compared in Table 1 [14,[18][19][20][21][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93].…”

“…In light of this, we may see future sensors equipped with this capability. The Second Generation Global Imager (SGLI) aboard the Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C) satellite, which is due to launch in early 2017, will be equipped with two multi-directional polarisation channels [87]. The polarimeter can be set at angles of 0°, 60°and 120°and moved up to 45°along the direction of the track, therefore allowing the instrument to extend its ability to capture the polarised aerosol signal.…”