Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study

Blach, Sarah; Terrault, Norah A.; Tacke, Frank; Gamkrelidze, Ivane; Craxı̀, Antonio; Tanaka, Junko; Waked, Imam; Dore, Gregory J.; Abbas, Zaigham; Abdallah, Ayat R.; Abdulla, Maheeba; Aghemo, Alessio; Aho, Inka; Akarca, Ulus Salih; Alalwan, Abduljaleel; Blomé, Marianne Alanko; Al-Busafi, Said A.; Aleman, Soo; Alghamdi, Abdullah S; Al–Hamoudi, Waleed; Aljumah, Abdulrahman; Al-Naamani, Khalid; Serkal, Yousif M Al; Altraif, Ibrahim; Anand, Anil C.; Anderson, Motswedi; Andersson, Monique; Athanasakis, Kostas; Baatarkhuu, Oidov; Bakieva, Shokhista; Ben‐Ari, Ziv; Bessone, Fernando; Biondi, Mia J; Bizri, Abdul Rahman; Brandão‐Mello, Carlos Eduardo; Brigida, Krestina; Brown, Kimberly; Brown, Robert S.; Bruggmann, Philip; Brunetto, M.R.; Busschots, Dana; Buti, Marı́a; Butsashvili, Maia; Cabezas, Joaquín; Chae, Chungman; Ivanova, Viktorija Chaloska; Chan, Henry Lik Yuen; Cheinquer, Hugo; Cheng, Kent Jason G.; Cheon, Myeong-Eun; Chien, Cheng‐Hung; Chien, Rong‐Nan; Choudhuri, Gourdas; Christensen, Peer Brehm; Chuang, Wan–Long; Chulanov, Vladimir; Cisneros, Laura; Coco, B.; Contreras, F.; Cornberg, Markus; Cramp, Matthew; Crespo, Javier; Cui, Fuqiang; Cunningham, Chris; Abou, Lucy Dagher; Dalgård, Olav; Dao, Doan Y.; Lédinghen, Victor de; Derbala, Moutaz; Deuba, Keshab; Dhindsa, Karan; Djauzi, Samsuridjal; Dražilová, Sylvia; Duberg, Ann‐Sofi; Elbadri, Mohammed; El-Sayed, Manal Hamdy; Esmat, Gamal; Estes, Chris; Ezzat, Sameera; Färkkilä, Martti; Ferradini, Laurent; Ferraz, Maria Lúcia Gomes; Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Abrão; Kanižaj, Tajana Filipec; Flisiak, Robert; Fraňková, Soňa; Fung, James; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Gane, Edward; Garcia, Virginia; García‐Samaniego, J.; Gemilyan, Manik; Genov, Jordan; Gheorghe, L.; Gholam, Pierre M.; Goldiş, Adrian; Gottfreðsson, Magnús; Gray, Richard T.; Grebely, Jason; Gschwantler, Michael; Hajarizadeh, Behzad; Salehiniya, Hamid; Hamoudi, Waseem; Hatzakis, Angelos; Hellard, Margaret; Himatt, Sayed; Hofer, Harald; Hrstić, Irena; Hunyady, Béla; Husa, Petr; Husić-Selimović, Azra; Jafri, Wasim; Janíčko, Martin; Janjua, Naveed Z.; Jarčuška, Peter; Jaroszewicz, Jerzy; Jerkeman, Anna; Jēruma, Agita; Jia, Jidong; Jónasson, Jón Gunnlaugur; Kåberg, Martin; Kaita, Kelly; Kaliaskarova, Kulpash; Kao, Jia‐Horng; Kasymov, Omor Tilegenovich; Kelly‐Hanku, Angela; Khamis, Faryal; Khamis, Jawad; Khan, Aamir Ghafoor; Khandu, Lekey; Khoudri, Ibtissam; Kielland, Knut Boe; Kim, Do Young; Kodjoh, N.; Kondili, Loreta A.; Krajden, Mel; Krarup, Henrik; Kristián, Pavol; Kwon, Jisoo; Lagging, Martin; Laleman, Wim; Lao, Wai Cheung; Lavanchy, Daniel; Lázaro, Pablo; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Lee, Alice U; Lee, Hsuan-Shu; Li, Michael K K; Liakina, Valentina; Lim, Young‐Suk; Löve, Arthur; Lukšić, Boris; Machekera, Shepherd Mufudzi; Malu, Abraham O.; Marinho, Rui Tato; Matičič, Mojca; Mekonnen, Hailemichael Desalegn; Mendes-Corrêa, Maria Cássia; Méndez-Sánchez, Nahúm; Merat, Shahin; Meshesha, Berhane Redae; Midgard, Håvard; Mills, Michael J.; Mohamed, Rosmawati; Mooneyhan, Ellen; Moreno, Christophe; Muljono, David Handojo; Müllhaupt, Beat; Musabaev, Erkin; Muyldermans, Gaëtan; Nartey, Yvonne Ayerki; Naveira, Marcelo Contardo Moscoso; Negro, Francesco; Nersesov, Alexander; Njouom, Richard; Ntagirabiri, R.; Нурматов, З. Ш.; Obekpa, Solomon; Oguche, Stephen; Ólafsson, Sigurđur; Ong, Janus P.; Opare-Sem, Ohene; Orrego, Mauricio; Øvrehus, Anne; Pan, Calvin Q.; Papatheodoridis, George; Peck‐Radosavljevic, Markus; Pessôa, Mário; Phillips, Richard Odame; Pimenov, Nikolay; Plaseska‐Karanfilska, Dijana; Prabdial-Sing, Nishi; Puri, Pankaj; Qureshi, Huma; Rahman, Aninda; Ramji, Alnoor; Razavi‐Shearer, Devin; Razavi‐Shearer, Kathryn; Ridruejo, Ezequiel; Ríos-Hincapié, Cielo Y; Rizvi, S.M. Shahriar; Robaeys, Geert; Roberts, Lewis R.; Roberts, Stuart K.; Ryder, Stephen D.; Sadirova, Shakhlo; Saeed, Umar; Safadi, Rifaat; Sagalova, Olga; Said, Sanaa; Salupere, Riina; Sanai, Faisal M; Sánchez-Ávila, Juan Francisco; Saraswat, Vivek A.; Sarrazin, Christoph; Sarybayeva, Gulya; Seguin-Devaux, Carole; Sharara, Ala I.; Sheikh, Mahdi; Shewaye, Abate B; Sievert, William; Simojoki, Kaarlo; Simonova, Marieta; Sonderup, Mark; Spearman, C Wendy; Šperl, Jan; Stauber, Rudolf; Stedman, Catherine; Su, Tung‐Hung; Suleiman, Anita; Sypsa, Vana; Antabak, Natalia Tamayo; Tan, Soek‐Siam; Tergast, Tammo L.; Thurairajah, Prem Harichander; Tolmane, Ieva; Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof; Tsereteli, Maia; Uzochukwu, Benjamin; Vijver, David van de; Santen, Daniëla K van; Vlierberghe, Hans Van; Welzen, Berend Van; Vanwolleghem, Thomas; Vélez‐Möller, Patricia; Villamil, Federico; Vince, Adriana; Waheed, Yasir; Weis, Nina; Wong, Vincent Wai‐Sun; Yaghi, César; Yesmembetov, Kakharman; Yosry, Ayman; Yuen, Man‐Fung; Yunihastuti, Evy; Zeuzem, Stefan; Zuckerman, Eli; Razavi, Homie

doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00472-6

Cited by 251 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious public-health problem, with an estimated global prevalence of 0.7% (0.7–0.9%), corresponding to approximately 56.8 million viremic HCV infections globally [ 1 ]. Italy has been one of the countries with the highest HCV prevalence and death rate for HCV-induced liver disease in Europe [ 2 ], as well as the European country with the highest number of patients treated for HCV with Direct Acting Antivirals DAAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of Hepatitis C in Southern Italy: A Model of HCV Screening and Linkage to Care among Hospitalized Patients at Different Hospital Divisions

Rosato¹,

Kondili

Nevola³

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Background: Free-of-charge HCV screening in some key populations and in 1969–1989 birth cohorts has been funded in Italy as the first step to diagnosing individuals who are infected but asymptomatic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of an opportunistic HCV screening and its linkage to care. Methods: A hospital-based HCV screening was conducted as a routine test for in-patients admitted to the Evangelical Hospital Betania of Naples from January 2020 to May 2021. All consecutive in-patients were screened for the HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) at the time of their admission to the hospital, and those born prior to year 2000 were included in the study. HCV-RNA testing was required for those not previously treated and without antiviral treatment contraindications. For in-patients with an active infection, treatment started soon after hospital admission. Results: Among 12,665 inpatients consecutively screened, 510 (4%) were HCV-Ab positive. The HCV-Ab positivity rate increased with age, reaching the highest prevalence (9.49%) in those born before 1947. Among patients positive for HCV, 118 (23.1%) had been previously treated, 172 (33.9%) had been discharged before being tested for HCV-RNA, and 26 (5.1%) had not been tested for short life expectancy. Of 194 (38% of HCV-Ab+) patients who were tested for HCV-RNA, 91 (46.2%) were HCV-RNA positive. Of patients with active infection, 33 (36%) were admitted to the liver unit with signs of liver damage either not previously diagnosed or diagnosed but unlinked to care for HCV infection. Of the patients positive for HCV-RNA, 87 (95.6%) started treatment; all achieved sustained virological response. Conclusion: HCV active infection has been frequently found in patients with comorbidities admitted in the hospital in Southern Italy. To achieve HCV elimination in Italy, broader screening strategies are required. In addition to screening of the 1969–1989 birth cohort of individuals unaware of their infection status, diagnosis and linkage to care of patients with known liver damage is strictly required. Hospital screening is feasible, but prompt reflex testing for identifying HCV-active infections is necessary to increase diagnosis and subsequent linkage to care.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of Hepatitis C in Southern Italy: A Model of HCV Screening and Linkage to Care among Hospitalized Patients at Different Hospital Divisions

Rosato¹,

Kondili

Nevola³

et al. 2022

Viruses

Self Cite

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“…The estimated global prevalence of chronic hepatitis C is 56.8 million infected individuals, and around 275,000 people die annually of chronic liver disease and liver cancer because of untreated hepatitis C infection [ 1 ]. In the absence of a vaccine, treatment with highly active direct-acting antivirals (DAA) has led to the strategy of treatment for chronic hepatitis C as being prevention [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Weeks Treatment with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir + Ribavirin—A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Madsen

Christensen

Hansen

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Enhancing treatment uptake for hepatitis C to achieve the elimination goals set by the World Health Organization could be achieved by reducing the treatment duration. The aim of this study was to compare the sustained virological response at week 12 (SVR12) after four weeks of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) + ribavirin compared to eight weeks of GLE/PIB and to estimate predictors for SVR12 with four weeks of treatment through a multicenter open label randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized 2:1 (4 weeks:8 weeks) and stratified by genotype 3 and were treatment naïve of all genotypes and without significant liver fibrosis. A total of 27 patients were analyzed for predictors for SVR12, including 15 from the first pilot phase of the study. In the ‘modified intention to treat’ group, 100% (7/7) achieved cure after eight weeks and for patients treated for four weeks the SVR12 was 58.3% (7/12). However, patients with a baseline viral load <2 mill IU/mL had 93% SVR12. The study closed prematurely due to the low number of included patients due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest that viral load should be taken into account when considering trials of short course treatment.

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“…Despite the availability of highly effective and tolerable antiviral therapies, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection still represents a significant global health problem, accounting for 56.8 million people with active infection and over 250,000 estimated deaths per year [ 1 ]. The challenge set by the World Health Organization (WHO) of eliminating HCV by 2030 appears to be a difficult goal to achieve [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Telemedicine Optimize the HCV Care Cascade in People Who Use Drugs? Features of an Innovative Decentralization Model and Comparison with Other Micro-Elimination Strategies

Nevola

Rosato²,

Conturso³

et al. 2022

Biology

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People who use drugs (PWUDs) are a crucial population in the global fight against viral hepatitis. The difficulties in linkage to care, the low adherence to therapy, the frequent loss to follow-up and the high risk of re-infection make the eradication process of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) really hard in this viral reservoir. Several management and treatment models have been tested with the aim of optimizing the HCV care cascade in PWUDs. Models of decentralization of the care process and integration of services seem to provide the highest success rates. Giving this, telemedicine could favor the decentralization of diagnostic-therapeutic management, key for the implementation of linkage to care, reduction of waiting times, optimization of adherence and results and reduction of the costs. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the role and possible impact of telemedicine in optimizing the HCV care cascade, comparing the different care models that have shown to improve the linkage to care and therapeutic adherence in this special population.

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Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study

Cited by 251 publications

References 19 publications

Elimination of Hepatitis C in Southern Italy: A Model of HCV Screening and Linkage to Care among Hospitalized Patients at Different Hospital Divisions

Elimination of Hepatitis C in Southern Italy: A Model of HCV Screening and Linkage to Care among Hospitalized Patients at Different Hospital Divisions

Four Weeks Treatment with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir + Ribavirin—A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Can Telemedicine Optimize the HCV Care Cascade in People Who Use Drugs? Features of an Innovative Decentralization Model and Comparison with Other Micro-Elimination Strategies

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