Global cancer statistics

Parkin, D M; Pisani, Paola; Ferlay, Jacques

doi:10.3322/canjclin.49.1.33

Cited by 4,635 publications

(4,642 citation statements)

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“…Although the incidence rates vary greatly within the same country or region and the incidence rates of PC are generally higher in Western countries than in China [1], many recent reports have indicated that the incidence of PC in China is increasing rapidly. For example, in Shanghai, it is estimated that the incidence of PC increased from 1.8 to 2.4 per 100 000 in 1990 to 4.5-7.7 per 100 000 in 2 000 and to about 10.0 per 100 000 in 2004 [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific PSA reference ranges in Chinese men without prostate cancer

Liu¹,

Sun²,

Xu³

et al. 2008

Asian J Androl

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This study is to determine age-specific prostate-specific antigen (PSA) distributions in Chinese men without prostate cancer (PC) and to recommend reference ranges for this population after comparison with other studies. From September 2003 to December 2006, 9 374 adult men aged from 18 to 96 years agreed to participate in the study. After all cases of PC were excluded, 8 422 adult men participated in statistical analysis and were divided into five age groups. Simple descriptive statistical analyses were carried out and quartiles and 95th percentiles were calculated for each age group. The age-specific PSA reference ranges are as follows: 40-49 years, 2.15 ng mL -1 ; 50-59 years, 3.20 ng mL -1 ; 60-69 years, 4.10 ng mL -1 ; 70-79 years, 5.37 ng mL -1 . The results indicate that the ethnic differences in PSA levels are obvious. The currently adopted Oesterling's age-specific PSA reference ranges are not appropriate for Chinese men. The reference ranges of this study should be more suitable to Chinese men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific PSA reference ranges in Chinese men without prostate cancer

Liu¹,

Sun²,

Xu³

et al. 2008

Asian J Androl

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“…This meta-analysis finds that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Although relatively rare in the United States and other developed countries, liver cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide (Parkin et al, 2005). It is rarely detected early and is often fatal within a few months of diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

2007

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Cohort studies of excess body weight and risk of liver cancer were identified for a meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 1966 to June 2007 and the reference lists of retrieved articles. Results from individual studies were combined using a random-effects model. We identified 11 cohort studies, of which seven on overweight (with a total of 5037 cases) and 10 on obesity (with 6042 cases) were suitable for meta-analysis. Compared with persons of normal weight, the summary relative risks of liver cancer were 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02 -1.34) for those who were overweight and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.51 -2.36) for those who were obese. This meta-analysis finds that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Although relatively rare in the United States and other developed countries, liver cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide (Parkin et al, 2005). It is rarely detected early and is often fatal within a few months of diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is only about 6 -11% (Coleman et al, 2003;Ries et al, 2006). The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer have been increasing rapidly in the United States since the mid-1980s (Ries et al, 2006). While approximately half of this increase can be attributable to hepatitis C virus infection, a minimal or no increase has been related to hepatitis B virus and alcoholic liver disease (El-Serag and Mason, 2000;Hassan et al, 2002). Given that about half of the increase in liver cancer incidence is not related to hepatitis, the major risk factor in a significant proportion of the cases has yet to be identified.Coinciding with the rising incidence of liver cancer, the prevalence of obesity has been increasing markedly over the past two decades worldwide (Larsson and Wolk, 2006). Obesity has been recognised as a risk factor for several malignancies, including cancer of the breast (in premenopausal women), endometrium, kidney (renal cell), colon, pancreas, gallbladder, and esophagus (adenocarcinoma) (IARC, 2002;. Accumulating epidemiologic evidence also indicates that excess body weight may be a risk factor for liver cancer, but the evidence has not been quantitatively summarised. We have therefore quantitatively assessed the associations of overweight and obesity with liver cancer risk in a meta-analysis of cohort studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study selectionA literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for pertinent studies published in any language from 1966 to June 2007. We used the keywords 'body mass index', 'BMI', or 'obesity' in combination with 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'liver cancer', or 'liver neoplasm'. Moreover, we manually reviewed the reference lists of retrieved articles to search for more studies.Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they fulfilled the following criteria: (1) cohort study in which liver cancer incidence or mortality was an outcome; (2) the exposure of interest was overweight and/or obesity defined by body ma...

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“…1 In South Korea, gastric cancer has a higher incidence than any other cancer, and is the third most common cause of death from cancer. 2 The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer is influenced by the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis, therefore, an accurate and reliable indicator is required to predict the presence of LN metastasis.…”

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confidence: 99%

The lymphangiogenic factor SOX 18: A key indicator to stage gastric tumor progression

Eom¹,

Jo²,

Kook³

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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SOX group F genes are important regulators of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between Sox group F expression and clinicopathological factors in gastric cancer. Three hundred and fifteen gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding normal gastric tissue were obtained from the tumor bank at the National Cancer Center, Korea. SOX group F mRNA levels in these tissues were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The serum levels of SOX 18 proteins in 219 gastric cancer patients and in 30 healthy volunteers were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 679 gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the survival rates of SOX 18 positive and negative gastric cancers were compared. RT-PCR showed that SOX group F mRNA was increased in the gastric cancer tissues compared to the normal gastric tissues (p < 0.001, respectively). The serum levels of SOX 18 protein were also increased in gastric cancer patients compared to healthy volunteers. IHC showed that of the 679 gastric cancer cases, 177 (26.1%) were positive for SOX 18 expression in their tumor stroma, and the frequencies of both lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases were higher in the SOX 18 positive than in the negative group. Both the 5-year survival and the recurrence-free survival were shorter for SOX 18 positive tumors (p 5 0.023 and 0.012, respectively). SOX 18 expression might be a prognostic tumor marker and a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and, annually, about 1 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide. 1 In South Korea, gastric cancer has a higher incidence than any other cancer, and is the third most common cause of death from cancer. 2 The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer is influenced by the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis, therefore, an accurate and reliable indicator is required to predict the presence of LN metastasis. Furthermore, a biomolecular predictor of LN metastasis can be a prognostic marker or a potential therapeutic target. [3][4][5] Recently, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were found to be critically required for solid tumor growth, invasion and distant metastases. 6-8 Previous molecular and cellular analyses have identified a number of factors of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, such as, the fibroblast growth factor, the vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin. 9-13 Similarly, specific gene-based studies recently discovered the lymphangiogenesis associated SOX genes (i.e., sex determining region Y box genes). 14,15 The SOX genes constitute a large family of diverse and well-conserved genes, which encode transcription factors. [16][17][18] Members of this gene family are subdivided on a homology basis into ten groups (A to J), and SOX group F comprises the SOX 7, 17 and 18 genes. 17 SOX 18 is transiently expressed in the ...

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Global cancer statistics

Abstract: Rates for five broad age groups (0-14, 15-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65 and over) and sex were estimated for as many individual

Cited by 4,635 publications

References 15 publications

Age-specific PSA reference ranges in Chinese men without prostate cancer

Age-specific PSA reference ranges in Chinese men without prostate cancer

Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

The lymphangiogenic factor SOX 18: A key indicator to stage gastric tumor progression

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