Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Astrocytes in the Human Neocortex

Коржевский, Д. Э.; Otellin, V. A.; Grigor’ev, I. P.

doi:10.1007/s11055-005-0125-y

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These cells appear to have two types of processes: tangential fibres travelling radially; and ‘cable-like’, long, vertical astroglial processes (Colombo and Reisin 2004). Further characterisation of the latter by Colombo and colleagues showed millimetre-long, tortuous and varicosity-free interlaminar projections (Korzhevskii et al 2005; Oberheim et al 2009) originating from the somata located in the neuronal cell body-free layer I, and terminating in layer III or IV cortical neuropil in large buttons. Electron microscopy studies revealed that these endings possessed a multilamellar structure and mitochondria (Colombo et al 1997).…”

Section: Complex Structure and Morphology Of Human Astrogliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human astrocytes: structure and functions in the healthy brain

Vasile¹,

Dossi²,

Rouach³

2017

Brain Struct Funct

305

226

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data collected on astrocytes’ physiology in the rodent have placed them as key regulators of synaptic, neuronal, network, and cognitive functions. While these findings proved highly valuable for our awareness and appreciation of non-neuronal cell significance in brain physiology, early structural and phylogenic investigations of human astrocytes hinted at potentially different astrocytic properties. This idea sparked interest to replicate rodent-based studies on human samples, which have revealed an analogous but enhanced involvement of astrocytes in neuronal function of the human brain. Such evidence pointed to a central role of human astrocytes in sustaining more complex information processing. Here, we review the current state of our knowledge of human astrocytes regarding their structure, gene profile, and functions, highlighting the differences with rodent astrocytes. This recent insight is essential for assessment of the relevance of findings using animal models and for comprehending the functional significance of species-specific properties of astrocytes. Moreover, since dysfunctional astrocytes have been described in many brain disorders, a more thorough understanding of human-specific astrocytic properties is crucial for better-adapted translational applications.

show abstract

Section: Complex Structure and Morphology Of Human Astrogliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human astrocytes: structure and functions in the healthy brain

Vasile¹,

Dossi²,

Rouach³

2017

Brain Struct Funct

305

226

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human U-87 glioblastoma/astrocytoma cells were used as a model system for this study and were confirmed to have an astrocyte phenotype by using the astrocyte marker GFAP (data not shown; Korzhevskii et al, 2005). U-87 glioblastoma/astrocytoma cellular morphology was captured by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy ( Fig.…”

Section: Gwbs Are Present In the Cell Body And Cytoplasmic Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of mRNA stabilization and degradation, and RNAi within astrocytoma GW bodies

Moser

Eystathioy

Chan

et al. 2007

J of Neuroscience Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

GW bodies (GWBs) are unique cytoplasmic structures that contain the mRNA binding protein GW182 and other proteins involved in mRNA processing pathways. The rationale for this study arose from clinical studies indicating that 33% of patients with GWB autoantibodies have a motor/sensory neuropathy and/or ataxia. The novelty of this study is the identification of GWBs in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells within cell bodies and cytoplasmic projections. Astrocytoma GWBs exhibit complex heterogeneity with combinations of LSm4 and XRN1 as well as Ago2 and Dicer, key proteins involved in mRNA degradation and RNA interference, respectively. GWB subsets contained the mRNA transport and stabilization proteins SYNCRIP, hnRNPA1, and FMRP, not previously described as part of the GWB complex. Immunoprecipitation of astrocytoma GWBs suggested that Dicer, hDcp, LSm4, XRN1, SYNCRIP, and FMRP form a multiprotein complex. GWBs are likely involved in a number of regulatory mRNA pathways in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells.

show abstract

“…Thus, GFAP serves as a biomarker of astrogliosis, and serum levels have been found to be highly correlated with astrocytoma volume (Brommeland, Rosengran, Fridland, Hennig, & Isaksen, 2007). Local levels of GFAP, along with elevated cytokines have been implicated as driving factors in astrocytic differentiation and growth, angiogenesis and astrogliosis, and may alter the tumor microenvironment so that immune cells do not attack the tumor cells (Korzhevskii, Otellin, & Grigor’ev, 2005; Radeff Huang, Seasholtz, & Brown, 2005; Schneider, Sailer, Ansorge, Firsching, & Reinhold, 2006). Altered GFAP levels have also been described in post-mortem samples of brain tissue from physically healthy individuals with major depressive disorder (Davis et al, 2002; Muguel-Hidalso, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biobehavioral Perspective on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Cerebral Astrocytoma

Starkweather

Sherwood

Lyon

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuroscience Nursing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over 51,000 individuals are diagnosed with a primary brain tumor in the United States each year, and for those with the most common type of malignant tumor, an astrocytoma, almost 75% will die within five years of diagnosis. While surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved length of survival, mortality remains high, which underscores the need to understand how other factors affect the disease trajectory. Several recent studies have shown that depressive symptoms are independently associated with reduced quality of life and survival time after controlling for medial variables in patients with an astrocytoma. Thus, depressive symptoms represent a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes in this patient population.A growing body of evidence indicates that depressive symptoms are linked to underlying biological phenomena, particularly inflammatory activation modulated through increased peripheral levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent research has shown that neoplastic astrocytes respond to elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels by secreting immune mediators within the central nervous system, including cytokines and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) that promote astrogliosis and angiogenesis, and may increase tumor growth and metastasis. However, because these biological factors have not as yet been measured in conjunction with depressive symptoms in these patients, little is known about the interactions that potentially influence the treatment trajectory.In order to guide future research and provide a deeper understanding of the factors that may influence depressive symptoms and length of survival in patients with an astrocytoma, a review of the literature was undertaken. Publications over the past ten years were analyzed to examine the theoretical models and measures of depressive symptoms used in previous research. While numerous studies have documented the relationship between depression and reduced length of survival, there were several methodological concerns identified and there were no studies which included biological variables. Yet, research in the basic sciences provides compelling evidence of specific neuroendocrine-immune interactions orchestrated by astrocytes that can cause depressive NIH Public Access Astrocytomas are a complex group of low-and high-grade tumors that comprise more than half of all primary brain tumors (Bondy et al., 2008). They are the most frequent cerebral tumor, with an incidence estimated at 1/12,500. Most patients diagnosed with an astrocytoma, regardless of the tumor grade, will not live beyond five years (Lin et al., 2002). Affecting primarily middle-age adults, astrocytomas disrupt the lives of thousands of individuals and families each year as neurocognitive and functional status often deteriorate rapidly over the ensuing months. Besides the grade of astrocytoma, patient age and functional status remain the known preoperative prognostic indicators of survival (McCarter et al., 2006;Lutterbach, Sauerbrei, & Guttenberg, 2003). However, several r...

show abstract

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Astrocytes in the Human Neocortex

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Human astrocytes: structure and functions in the healthy brain

Human astrocytes: structure and functions in the healthy brain

Markers of mRNA stabilization and degradation, and RNAi within astrocytoma GW bodies

A Biobehavioral Perspective on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Cerebral Astrocytoma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About