Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with low doses of glucocorticoids in vitro

Song, Yanqin; Zhao, Feng; Zhang, Leiming; Du, Yuan; Wang, Tian; Fu, Fenghua

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.09.001

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, these models do not consider the possibility that adaptogens modulate receptor expression via other mechanisms. However, adaptogens exhibit multitarget action and the shared use of a number of different receptors, including receptors for corticosteroid, mineralocorticoid, progestin, estrogen, serotonin (5‐HT), N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate, and nicotinic acetylcholine, receptor tyrosine kinases, and many G protein–coupled receptors . Therefore, the possibility that numerous molecular network interactions (with feedback regulation of the neuroendocrine and immune systems) contribute to the overall pharmacological response and result in agonist‐dependent antagonism is most suitable for understanding the mechanisms of action of adaptogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding adaptogenic activity: specificity of the pharmacological action of adaptogens and other phytochemicals

Panossian¹

2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

107

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Adaptogens are stress-response modifiers that increase an organism's nonspecific resistance to stress by increasing its ability to adapt and survive. The classical reductionist model is insufficiently complex to explain the mechanistic aspects of the physiological notion of "adaptability" and the adaptogenic activity of adaptogens. Here, I demonstrate that (1) the mechanisms of action of adaptogens are impossible to rationally describe using the reductionist concept of pharmacology, whereas the network pharmacology approach is the most suitable method; and (2) the principles of systems biology and pharmacological networks appear to be more suitable for conceptualizing adaptogen function and are applicable to any phytochemical. Molecular targets, signaling pathways, and networks common to adaptogens have been identified. They are associated with stress hormones and key mediators of the regulation of homeostasis. In this context, the mechanisms of action of adaptogens are specifically related to stress-protective activity and increased adaptability of the organism. Consequently, adaptogens exhibit polyvalent beneficial effects against chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, cancer, and other aging-related diseases. Current and potential uses of adaptogens are mainly related to stress-induced fatigue and cognitive function, mental illness, and behavioral disorders. Their prophylactic use by healthy subjects to ameliorate stress and prevent age-related diseases appears to be justified. It is very unlikely that the pharmacological activity of any phytochemical is specific and associated only with one type of receptor, particularly adaptogenic compounds, which affect key mediators of the adaptive stress response at intracellular and extracellular levels of communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding adaptogenic activity: specificity of the pharmacological action of adaptogens and other phytochemicals

Panossian¹

2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

107

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“…Except for NO, also the other pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) are over-produced in response to inflammatory stimuli and they also could induce an inflammation [17]. TNF-α is another major mediator in pro-inflammatory processes and produced in many types of cells, such as macrophages, monocytes and lymphocytes, in response to inflammation, infection, and other environmental challenges in host [28]. Though TNF-α is also a critical modulator of the hosts immune response to infection, over-production of TNF-α can be harmful.…”

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confidence: 99%

Imperialine and Verticinone from Bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensis Inhibit Pro-inflammatory Mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Xiao

et al. 2015

Planta Med

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The bulbs of plants belonging to the Fritillaria cirrhosa-group have been used as antitussive and expectorant herbs in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. In this study, we isolated two isomers of verticinone and imperialine, steroidal alkaloids belonging to the cevanine group, from bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensis, which is a part of the Fritillaria cirrhosa group, and investigated their anti-inflammatory effects and relative mechanisms on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results clearly demonstrate that verticinone or imperialine could dose-dependently inhibit nitric oxide production and also suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions. In addition, verticinone or imperialine suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose dependent manner, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. The effect of verticinone and imperialine on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB was also evaluated. The phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappaB stimulated with LPS is also down-regulated by verticinone or imperialine in a concentration dependent manner, which coincided with the inhibition of phosphorylation forms of inhibitory kappaB-α, a crucial inhibitory factor of nuclear factor-kappaB. Generally, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of verticinone and imperialine are mediated by the inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation signaling pathway. According to the results of our researches, verticinone and imperialine may present great potentials to be developed as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.

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“…Increased levels of cytokines are also known to be linked to the pathophysiology of PSD [43]. Cerebral ischaemia leads to the production of increased proinflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α, which could further result in decreased 5-HT production, additionally promoting depression [44,45]. e cytokines could modulate 5-HT metabolism and HPA axis functionality, further modulating the pathophysiology of depression [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jieyu Anshen Granule, a Chinese Herbal Formulation, Exerts Effects on Poststroke Depression in Rats

Ruan²,

Zhang

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Jieyu Anshen granule (JY) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating depression and anxiety. e aim of the study was to observe the effects of JY on poststroke depression (PSD) and investigate the underlying mechanism. PSD rat model was developed by middle cerebral artery occlusion following chronic unpredictable mild stress in conjunction with isolation rearing. We performed behavioral tests, Western blot, ELISA, and BrdU/NeuN staining. Treatment with JY showed significant antidepressant effect in open-field and sucrose preference tests, as well as significant improvement in beam-walking, cylinder, grip strength, and water maze tests. In addition, treatment with JY could restore the levels of neurotransmitters and decrease the levels of hormone and inflammation cytokines in serum and brain. Treatment with JY also showed significant regulation in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, the numbers of newborn neurons in the hippocampus were increased by treatment with JY. Our results suggest that JY could ameliorate PSD and improve the neurological and cognitive functions. e antidepressive effect may be associated with the modulation of JY on monoamine system, neuroendocrine, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with low doses of glucocorticoids in vitro

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Understanding adaptogenic activity: specificity of the pharmacological action of adaptogens and other phytochemicals

Understanding adaptogenic activity: specificity of the pharmacological action of adaptogens and other phytochemicals

Imperialine and Verticinone from Bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensis Inhibit Pro-inflammatory Mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Jieyu Anshen Granule, a Chinese Herbal Formulation, Exerts Effects on Poststroke Depression in Rats

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