Ginsenoside Rb1 Treatment Attenuates Pulmonary Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Tissue Injury following Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice

Abstract

Objective. Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (II/R) injury plays a critical role in remote organ dysfunction, such as lung injury, which is associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. In the present study, we tested whether ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated II/R induced lung injury by Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Methods. II/R injury was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by 45 min of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Ginsenoside Rb1 was administrated prior to reperfusion with or without ATRA (all-transretinoic acid, the inhibitor of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway) administration before II/R. Results. II/R induced lung histological injury, which is accompanied with increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin- (IL-) 6, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α but decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and IL-10 in the lung tissues. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduced lung histological injury and the levels of TNF-α and MDA, as well as wet/dry weight ratio. Interestingly, the increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression induced by II/R in the lung tissues was promoted by ginsenoside Rb1 treatment. All these changes could be inhibited or prevented by ATRA. Conclusion. Ginsenoside Rb1 is capable of ameliorating II/R induced lung injuries by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Maresin 1 Ameliorates Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress via Activation of the Nrf‐2‐Mediated HO‐1 Signaling Pathway

“…The loss of antioxidant enzymes evidently causes free radical accumulation and further aggravates lung I/R injury [31, 32]. Interestingly, a previous study reported the antioxidative activity of MaR 1 in CCl4-induced liver injury [15].…”

Propofol Through Upregulating Caveolin-3 Attenuates Post-Hypoxic Mitochondrial Damage and Cell Death in H9C2 Cardiomyocytes During Hyperglycemia

“…Intracellular superoxide anions can oxidize hydroxylamine, resulting in nitrite which shows purplish red under the action of chromogenic agent. The samples in all groups were added to 96-well plates and measured with commercial assay kits for SOD (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, A001-01, Nanjing, China) and for MDA ((Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, A003-04, Nanjing, China), respectively as described [23]. …”

Cellular stress response mechanisms as therapeutic targets of ginsenosides

“…To date, several ginsenosides, including Rb1, Rg3, Rg1, Rd, Rh1, and 20( S )‐protopanaxatriol, were found to activate the Nrf2 pathway, whereas Rg3 was also shown to inhibit the Nrf2 pathway (Fig. ).…”