Gingival phenotype distribution in young Caucasian women and men – An investigative study

Fischer, Kai R.; Büchel, Jasmin; Kauffmann, Frederic; Heumann, Christian; Friedmann, Anton; Schmidlin, Patrick R.

doi:10.1002/cre2.482

Cited by 10 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Such discrepancies in the values found for KTW at thick phenotype sites may be related to different tooth regions included in the analysis of the studies assessed in the systematic review. The present study observed a positive but weak correlation between KTW and GT, which is in agreement with previous studies 13,11,40,41 . Recently, Barootchi et al 42 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The present study observed a positive but weak correlation between KTW and GT, which is in agreement with previous studies. 13,11,40,41 Recently, Barootchi et al 42 suggested that although KTW and GT may influence the position of the gingival margin in a similar way, they would be independent of each other. Similarly, Yilmaz et al 43 observed that the modification of the gingival phenotype resulted in tissue stability and creeping attachment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of thin and thick gingival phenotypes by two transparency methods: A diagnostic accuracy study

Costa

Perussolo

Dias

et al. 2022

Journal of Periodontology

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Background: There is limited information on the diagnostic accuracy of the transparency method to diagnose gingival phenotypes taking into consideration not only the gingival thickness (GT) but also the keratinized tissue width (KTW).Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two transparency methods using a conventional steel probe (SP) and a plastic color-coded probe (CCP) to identify thin and thick gingival phenotypes.Methods: Maxillary anterior teeth (n = 300) of 50 individuals were included in this study. The GT was measured via transgingival assessment at 2 mm apical to the gingival margin. Tooth sites were subdivided into thin or thick phenotypes according to the corresponding GT, respectively, ≤1 mm and >1 mm. SP and CCP were used to determine the gingival phenotype by the transparency method. The KTW was also evaluated. The diagnostic accuracy of the experimental periodontal probes to identify the thin and thick gingival phenotypes were compared. Results: Of 300 gingival sites evaluated, 57% (n = 172) were identified as thin (GT: 0.82 ± 0.12 mm, KTW: 4 ± 1.2 mm) and 43% (n = 128) as thick phenotypes (GT: 1.16 ± 0.12 mm, KTW: 4.3 ± 1.3 mm) by the transgingival method. The SP and CCP were very sensitive (>0.94) to identify the thin phenotype, however, less specific (0.35-0.39) to diagnose thick phenotype. The diagnostic accuracy for the SP and CCP was similar, 0.69 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusion:The steel and color-coded plastic probe were equally effective in identifying thin gingival phenotype at maxillary anterior tooth sites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of thin and thick gingival phenotypes by two transparency methods: A diagnostic accuracy study

Costa

Perussolo

Dias

et al. 2022

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Similarly, an association between male sex and gingival thickness has been observed in Korean (Kim et al, 2021) and Indian populations, finding that the gingiva was found to be thinner and with less width in females than males (Anand et al, 2022; Kolte et al, 2014, 2019). Nevertheless, the absence of statistically significant differences between the sexes has also been reported for the same population (Shah et al, 2015) and for the Dominican (Collins et al, 2021), Portuguese (Peixoto et al, 2015), Swiss (Fischer et al, 2022), and Yemeni (Alhajj, 2020) populations. This could be explained, in part, by melatonin and hemoglobin concentrations, which differ according to ethnicity and sex (Shi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Portuguese (Peixoto et al, 2015), Swiss (Fischer et al, 2022), and Yemeni (Alhajj, 2020) populations. This could be explained, in part, by melatonin and hemoglobin concentrations, which differ according to ethnicity and sex (Shi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between periodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness: A systematic review

Díaz,

Fan,

Urrutia

et al. 2023

Clinical Oral Implants Res

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AimTo assess the correlation between the periodontal phenotype (PP) and sinus membrane thickness (SMT) in humans.MethodsThis review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers independently carried out electronic and manual literature searches of studies published in English, German, and Spanish, from 1970 to September 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. Studies that assessed the correlation between PP and SMT in adults (aged 18 years) were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS) for articles that met the eligibility criteria.ResultsSix studies, including 510 patients, were considered for qualitative analysis. All included studies were cross‐sectional, and the correlation between the PP and SMT was evaluated, finding a positive and high correlation in 83.3% of them, based on a value of ≥0.7. All the included studies were assessed with a high overall risk of bias.ConclusionsPeriodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness are likely correlated. Nevertheless, further standardized studies are required to draw definitive conclusions.

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“…1, a further selection, based on reading the abstracts, resulted in the exclusion of 32. Finally, of the 14 articles eligible for full reading, only 13 were included [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The article by Das et al (2022) was not retained due to the lack of precision of the gingival thickness endpoint [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Gingival Phenotype in Adults and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Dridi,

Ameline,

Heurtebise

et al. 2024

Clinics and Practice

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The relevance of assessing the gingival phenotype prior to the initiation of periodontal, orthodontic, or prosthetic therapy has been clearly demonstrated. However, publications on this subject are either old or concerned with the means of assessing the gingival phenotype or the main factors likely to modify it. The main objective of this systematic review of the literature was therefore to investigate the prevalence of different gingival phenotypes in adults in good general health and with a healthy periodontium. A systematic review of the literature was performed following the guidelines of PRISMA recommendations using an electronic search strategy on four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase) complemented by a manual search. Three independent authors were involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. Results: Of 807 articles, 17 of them, published between 2012 and 2023, involving 3277 subjects from 11 countries and 9766 dental sites, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of the gingival phenotype could not be determined at the level of an individual or a dental arch because all the publications assessed this phenotype only at the level of certain dental sectors, and were not chosen at random. The maxillary central incisors and maxillary or mandibular first molar sectors were associated with a high and thick gingival phenotype, independently of the dental morphology, gender, and age of adult subjects. Furthermore, in these regions, this gingival phenotype tended to be associated with a thick vestibular bone table. In contrast, maxillary and mandibular incisors and premolars more often had a thin gingival phenotype. For other teeth, the results were less conclusive. It is important not to rely solely on the overall appearance of the dentition but to independently assess the thickness and height of the gingiva at each dental site requiring intervention. Finally, this study highlights a key point, namely the need for further longitudinal studies to determine the prevalence in healthy adults. For practicality and feasibility reasons, these studies should be designed according to therapeutic needs, dental sector by dental sector, and within homogeneous source populations. PROSPERO registration: CRD 42023392602.

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Gingival phenotype distribution in young Caucasian women and men – An investigative study

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Identification of thin and thick gingival phenotypes by two transparency methods: A diagnostic accuracy study

Identification of thin and thick gingival phenotypes by two transparency methods: A diagnostic accuracy study

Correlation between periodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness: A systematic review

Prevalence of the Gingival Phenotype in Adults and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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