Giardiasis: Characteristics, Pathogenesis and New Insights About Treatment

Vivancos, Verónica; González‐Álvarez, Isabel; Bermejo, Marival; González‐Álvarez, Marta

doi:10.2174/1568026618666181002095314

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis affects nearly 280 million people per year. In 2004, the World Health Organization classed giardiasis as a neglected tropical disease [ 1 ]. The life cycle of G. duodenalis involves two major stages: infectious cysts and disease-causing trophozoites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Giardia duodenalis Induces Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway In Vitro

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The intestinal protozoan parasite, Giardia duodenalis, infects a large number of people in the world annually. Giardia infection has been considered a negative effect on intestinal epithelial cell growth, while the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Here we evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptotic events in Giardia trophozoites-stimulated Caco-2 cells via fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, western blot, and cell counting kit-8 analyses. The results showed that Giardia trophozoite treatment could induce lactate dehydrogenase release and Caco-2 cell apoptosis. The ROS levels were increased post treatment. The observed typical characteristics of mitochondria damage include significant swelling and degeneration of matrix and cristae. After trophozoite treatment, the level of Bax protein expression was increased, while Bcl-2 protein decreased. Trophozoite stimulation also led to reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, and this process was accompanied by activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor, reversed G. duodenalis-induced Caco-2 cell apoptosis. Taken together, we indicated that G. duodenalis could induce Caco-2 cell apoptosis through a ROS- and mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent pathway. This study furthers our understanding of the cellular mechanism of the interaction between Giardia trophozoites and host cells.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interaction between host cells and Giardia trophozoites is a primary initiator of disease development [ 1 ]. The Caco-2 cell line, a validated in vitro human IEC model derived from colon carcinoma, shows similar morphology and functions to the mature enterocyte [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia duodenalis Induces Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway In Vitro

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since 2004, it is listed by the WHO as a neglected disease by the World Health Organization. The prevalence of Giardia infection is higher in developing countries [ 156 , 157 ]. Several remedies of traditional medicine have been administered as a complement to treat this disease [ 158 ], among which is propolis.…”

Section: Antiparasitic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Propolis on Infectious Diseases of Medical Relevance

Rivera-Yañez

Pozo-Molina

et al. 2021

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infectious diseases are a significant problem affecting the public health and economic stability of societies all over the world. Treatment is available for most of these diseases; however, many pathogens have developed resistance to drugs, necessitating the development of new therapies with chemical agents, which can have serious side effects and high toxicity. In addition, the severity and aggressiveness of emerging and re-emerging diseases, such as pandemics caused by viral agents, have led to the priority of investigating new therapies to complement the treatment of different infectious diseases. Alternative and complementary medicine is widely used throughout the world due to its low cost and easy access and has been shown to provide a wide repertoire of options for the treatment of various conditions. In this work, we address the relevance of the effects of propolis on the causal pathogens of the main infectious diseases with medical relevance; the existing compiled information shows that propolis has effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites and helminths, and viruses; however, challenges remain, such as the assessment of their effects in clinical studies for adequate and safe use.

show abstract

“…2). Many drugs were used as anti-giardiasis, but with adverse activities (Fallah et al, 2007), due to the development of drugs resistance (Harris et al, 2000;Vivancos et al, 2018). Many studies investigated the invitro antigiardial properties of other commonly used medicinal plants (Anquez-Traxler, 2011;Sadjadi et al, 2006;Saffarharandi et al, 2006;Shahabi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%