Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme is overexpressed in prostate cancer, and its levels are associated with patient's metabolic status: Potential value as a non-invasive biomarker

Hormaechea‐Agulla, Daniel; Gómez, Enrique Gómez; Ibáñez‐Costa, Alejandro; Carrasco‐Valiente, Julia; Rivero‐Cortés, Esther; L‐López, Fernando; Pedraza‐Arevalo, Sergio; Valero-Rosa, J.; Sánchez‐Sánchez, Rafael; Ortega‐Salas, Rosa; Moreno, María M.; Gahete, Manuel D.; López‐Miranda, José; Requena, María J.; Castaño, Justo P.; Luque, Raúl M.

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.022

Cited by 32 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Interestingly, plasma GOAT levels positively correlated with plasma PSA levels (Figure E), but not with testosterone levels ( r = −0.044; P = 0.49; data not shown), in this cohort of patients, which is consistent with our previous study using a different cohort of patients . Moreover, a positive correlation was found between plasma GOAT or PSA levels with age (Figure F).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In line with this, our group and others have recently demonstrated that GOAT enzyme is overexpressed (at the mRNA and/or protein level) in PCa tissues and PCa cell lines compared to healthy prostate tissues and normal cell lines, and, most importantly, we also reported that GOAT is oversecreted in PCa cells compared to normal prostate cells . In fact, this initial, pilot study from our group revealed that plasma GOAT levels could discriminate between PCa and healthy subjects, suggesting that this enzyme might be used as a potential novel non‐invasive biomarker of PCa .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In line with this, and using a limited cohort of patients, we have recently demonstrated that ghrelin‐O‐acyltransferase (GOAT), a key enzyme regulating ghrelin system activity, is overexpressed in PCa tissues (at the mRNA and protein level) and its plasma levels are elevated in PCa patients compared to healthy prostate tissues and to plasma from healthy controls, respectively . Moreover, we observed that plasma GOAT levels could discriminate PCa, suggesting that GOAT might serve as a potential novel non‐invasive biomarker of PCa .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…For the determination of plasma GOAT levels, a commercial ELISA was used following the manufacture's instructions (MyBioSource, San Diego, USA), as previously reported . GOAT ELISA kit exhibits a detection limit lower than 0.31 ng/mL and a detection range between 0.78 and 50 ng/mL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma ghrelin O‐acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme levels: A novel non‐invasive diagnosis tool for patients with significant prostate cancer

Gómez‐Gómez

Jiménez‐Vacas

Carrasco‐Valiente

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Early detection of PCa faces severe limitations as PSA displays poor‐specificity/sensitivity. As we recently demonstrated that plasma ghrelin O‐acyltransferase (GOAT)‐enzyme is significantly elevated in PCa‐patients compared with healthy‐controls, using a limited patients‐cohort, we aimed to further explore the potential of GOAT to improve PCa diagnosis using an ample patients‐cohort (n = 312) and defining subgroups (i.e. significant PCa/metastatic patients, etc.) that could benefit from this biomarker. Plasma GOAT‐levels were evaluated by ELISA in patients with (n = 183) and without (n = 129) PCa. Gleason Score ≥ 7 was considered clinically significant PCa. GOAT‐levels were higher in PCa patients vs control patients, and in those with significant PCa vs non‐significant PCa. GOAT‐levels association with the diagnoses of significant PCa was independent from traditional clinical variables (i.e. PSA/age/DRE). Remarkably, GOAT outperformed PSA in patients with PSA‐levels ranging 3‐20 ng/mL for the significant PCa diagnosis [GOAT‐AUC = 0.612 (0.531‐0.693) vs PSA‐AUC = 0.494 (0.407‐0.580)]. A panel of key variables including GOAT/age/DRE/testosterone also outperformed the same panel but with PSA [AUC = 0.720 (0.710‐0.730) vs AUC = 0.705 (0.695‐0.716), respectively]. Notably, GOAT‐levels could also represent a novel predictive biomarker of aggressiveness, as its levels are positively associated with Gleason Score and the presence of metastasis at the time of diagnoses. Altogether, our data reveal that GOAT‐levels can be used as a non‐invasive biomarker for significant PCa diagnosis in patients at risk of PCa (with PSA: 3‐20 ng/mL).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma ghrelin O‐acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme levels: A novel non‐invasive diagnosis tool for patients with significant prostate cancer

Gómez‐Gómez

Jiménez‐Vacas

Carrasco‐Valiente

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…It is well known that PCa appearance and progression are highly influenced by androgens and that other steroid hormones, such as estrogens or progesterone, are also involved in the progress of the disease . It has also been shown that additional neuroendocrine systems may regulate prostate function, both under normal and tumoral conditions . In particular, some components of the somatostatin (SST) system are expressed in both normal and tumoral prostatic tissue, where they may play a relevant role in the negative regulation of cell proliferation, as occurs in other tissues .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin receptor subtype 1 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer

et al. 2017

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Ghrelin and cancer progression

Lin

Hsiao

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer

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Ghrelin is a small peptide with 28 amino acids, and has been characterized as the ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). In addition to its original function in stimulating pituitary growth hormone release, ghrelin is multifunctional and plays a role in the regulation of energy balance, gastric acid release, appetite, insulin secretion, gastric motility and the turnover of gastric and intestinal mucosa. The discovery of ghrelin and GHSR expression beyond normal tissues suggests its role other than physiological function. Emerging evidences have revealed ghrelin's function in regulating several processes related to cancer progression, especially in metastasis and proliferation. We further show the relative GHRL and GHSR expression in pan-cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), suggesting the potential pathological role of the axis in cancers. This review focuses on ghrelin's biological function in cancer progression, and reveals its clinical significance especially the impact on cancer patient outcome.

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Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme is overexpressed in prostate cancer, and its levels are associated with patient's metabolic status: Potential value as a non-invasive biomarker

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Plasma ghrelin O‐acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme levels: A novel non‐invasive diagnosis tool for patients with significant prostate cancer

Plasma ghrelin O‐acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme levels: A novel non‐invasive diagnosis tool for patients with significant prostate cancer

Somatostatin receptor subtype 1 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer

Ghrelin and cancer progression

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