GFAP in Brain Tumor Diagnosis: Possibilities and Limitations

Gullotta, F.; Schindler, Frank; Schmutzler, Rita K.; Weeks-Seifert, A.

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(85)80075-3

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…54 High GFAP content can be detected also in malignant brain tumours. 55 In accordance with the above reports, significantly higher expression of GFAP was encountered group II rats when compared to that of control, representing astrocytic tumour development which could be suppressed on NGEN treatment. This suppression of GFAP by NGEN might be argued as reduction of number of highly proliferative astrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effect of Naringenin on metabolic markers, lipid profile and expression of GFAP in C6 glioma cells implanted rat’s brain

Sabarinathan

Janardhanam

2011

ANS

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BackgroundNaringenin, a flavanone, has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties including antitumor activity.PurposeWe wanted to test the efficacy of Naringenin on C6 glioma cells-implanted into rats was investigated.MethodsBiochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used for analyzing various markers.ResultsInjection of C6 glioma cells into rat brain resulted in increased metabolic markers {Lactatate Dehydrogenase (LDH), 5’ Nucleotidase 5’ND), creatine kinase (CK), Hexokinase (HK) and Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)} and lipid profile (triglycerides, free fatty acids, phos-pholipids, total cholesterol and free cholesterol). Oral administration of Naringenin (50 mg /kg of BW for 30 days) significantly altered this biochemical profile. Further, the immuno fluorescence expression of Glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) was also studied.ConclusionIn C6 glioma cells-implanted rats, increased expression of GFAP was noted on treatment with Naringenin. These observations suggest that Naringenin may participate by inhibiting glial cell tumorigenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Effect of Naringenin on metabolic markers, lipid profile and expression of GFAP in C6 glioma cells implanted rat’s brain

Sabarinathan

Janardhanam

2011

ANS

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“…Quantification of differences in GFAP expression between astrocytoma grades was not performed in the studies listed in Table . Nevertheless, the observation of a decreasing number of GFAP positive cells with increasing astrocytoma grade is frequently mentioned (Cras et al, ; Cruz‐Sanchez et al, ; Gullotta et al, ; Oh & Prayson, ; Royds et al, ; van der Meulen et al, ; Xing et al, ). One of the studies, however, describes stronger staining of GFAP in grade III compared to lower grade astrocytoma (Cruz‐Sanchez et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma

Bodegraven

Asperen

Robe

et al. 2019

Glia

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Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarkers are still being used. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a classical marker of astrocytoma, both in clinical and experimental settings. GFAP is used to determine glial differentiation, which is associated with a less malignant tumor. However, since GFAP is not only expressed by mature astrocytes but also by radial glia during development and neural stem cells in the adult brain, we hypothesized that GFAP expression in astrocytoma might not be a direct indication of glial differentiation and a less malignant phenotype. Therefore, we here review all existing literature from 1972 up to 2018 on GFAP expression in astrocytoma patient material to revisit GFAP as a marker of lower grade, more differentiated astrocytoma. We conclude that GFAP is heterogeneously expressed in astrocytoma, which most likely masks a consistent correlation of GFAP expression to astrocytoma malignancy grade. The GFAP positive cell population contains cells with differences in morphology, function, and differentiation state showing that GFAP is not merely a marker of less malignant and more differentiated astrocytoma. We suggest that discriminating between the GFAP isoforms GFAPδ and GFAPα will improve the accuracy of assessing the differentiation state of astrocytoma in clinical and experimental settings and will benefit glioma classification.

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“…Furthermore, it is generally accepted that GFAP is present in glioma with a negative correlation to the degree of anaplasia, hence indicating that GFAP is a marker ofglial cell tumors (23, 27). Several investigators (39)(40)(41)(42)(43) using immunocytochemical techniques have demonstrated that in ependymal and oligodendroglial tumors a high number of GFAP-positive neoplastic elements Figure 11. Apo E immunoreactivity in neuroblastoma (X 230) Immunoreaction for apo E is nil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in human glial neoplasms.

Murakami

Ushio²,

Morino³

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Invest.

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Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the presence and distribution of apolipoprotein E (apo E) in normal human brain tissue as well as in 77 human intracranial neoplasms. In normal brain tissues, the perikarya of astrocytes exhibited a strong positive reaction, whereas the Bergmann glia were stained to a moderate degree. However, no immunoreactivity was observed with neurons, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and choroidal epithelium. Among the intracranial neoplasms, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, hemangioblastoma, primary malignant lymphoma, neurinoma, meninoma, pituitary adenoma, and craniopharyngioma were all negative. Immunoreactivity in the peripheral neuroblastoma was nil. However, the perikarya of astrocytomas and glioblastomas showed a positive reaction. Analyses on the degree ofanaplasia and the amount of apo-E as an intensity of immunostaining showed a negative correlation. The astrocytic elements were stained in mixed oligoastrocytomas and medulloblastomas with glial differentiation. A few cases of ependymomas showed weak perikaryal immunostaining. Western blot analyses with anti-apo E antibody of a freshly prepared surgical specimen with astrocytomas revealed a single band with a molecular weight of -37,000. The well differentiated cultured human astrocytoma cells secreted apo E into the medium. These lines of evidence suggest that apo E may serve as a potential marker specific for astrocytomas and glioblastomas, as well as an indicator of astrocytic tumor cell differentiation. The apo E localization in human brain tumors could be clinically relevant and diagnostically useful.

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GFAP in Brain Tumor Diagnosis: Possibilities and Limitations

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Naringenin on metabolic markers, lipid profile and expression of GFAP in C6 glioma cells implanted rat’s brain

Effect of Naringenin on metabolic markers, lipid profile and expression of GFAP in C6 glioma cells implanted rat’s brain

Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma

Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in human glial neoplasms.

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