Germ-layer commitment and axis formation in sea anemone embryonic cell aggregates

Kirillova, Anastasia; Genikhovich, Grigory; Pukhlyakova, Ekaterina; Demilly, Adrien; Kraus, Yulia; Technau, Ulrich

doi:10.1073/pnas.1711516115

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, presumptive endomesodermal cells derived from an injected blastomere develop into a normal endomesodermal epithelium (Figure 3F). Our results compliment the work of (Kirillova et al, 2018) and demonstrate that the proper cell-cell adhesion of the ectodermal layer somehow regulates trans-epithelially the integrity of the endomesodermal layer. This regulation may maintain the tension between cells during invagination at gastrula stages, or, in conjunction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basal cues, it may influence signaling patterns necessary to organize epithelial layers during N. vectensis embryogenesis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Germ layer specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm

Salinas‐Saavedra

Rock

Martindale

2017

Preprint

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Summary 25In triploblastic animals, Par proteins regulate cell-polarity and adherens junctions of both 26 ectodermal and endodermal epithelia. But, in embryos of the diploblastic cnidarian Nematostella 27 vectensis, Par proteins are eliminated altogether in the bifunctional endomesodermal epithelia. 28Using immunohistochemistry, CRISPR/Cas9, and overexpression of specific mRNAs, we describe 29 the functional association between Par proteins, ß-catenin, and snail genes in N. 30vectensis embryos. We demonstrate that the aPKC/Par complex regulates the localization of ß-31 catenin in the ectoderm by directing its role in cell adhesion, and that endomesodermal epithelia 32 are organized by a different cell adhesion system. We also show that snail genes, which are 33 mesodermal markers in bilaterians, are sufficient to downregulate Par proteins and translocate ß- 34catenin from the junctions to the cytoplasm in N. vectensis. These data provide insight into the 35 evolution of epithelial structure and the evolution of mesoderm in metazoan embryos. 37All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.(which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Germ layer specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm

Salinas‐Saavedra

Rock

Martindale

2017

Preprint

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“…9H,I). We have previously reported that the two epithelial layers (ectoderm and endoderm) are formed 24 h after re-aggregation (Kirillova et al, 2018). Both cell layers possessed basal and apical cadherin cell junctions (Fig.…”

Section: Function Of Classical Cadherins In Early Developmentmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Therefore, to assess the function of Cdh3 in establishing new cell junctions we used an aggregate assay. Nematostella gastrulae can be dissociated into single cells and small clusters and can be re-aggregated by centrifugation into cell aggregates (Kirillova et al, 2018). We followed the establishment of cell contacts and the formation of the epithelium in developing cell aggregates (Fig.…”

Section: Function Of Classical Cadherins In Early Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cdh3 morpholino (MO) embryos and standard MO control embryos (50 of each) were dissociated into cells at the gastrula stage. Cell aggregates were generated by slow centrifugation as described (Kirillova et al, 2018) and photographed immediately after centrifugation. The size of the aggregates was analyzed with FIJI software.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Size Of The Cell Aggregatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

et al. 2019

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Morphogenesis is a shape-building process during development of multicellular organisms. During this process, the establishment and modulation of cell-cell contacts play an important role. Cadherins, the major cell adhesion molecules, form adherens junctions connecting epithelial cells. Numerous studies of Bilateria have shown that cadherins are associated with the regulation of cell differentiation, cell shape changes, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. To date, the role of cadherins in non-bilaterians is unknown. Here, we study the expression and function of two paralogous classical cadherins, Cadherin 1 and Cadherin 3, in a diploblastic animal, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We show that a cadherin switch accompanies the formation of germ layers. Using specific antibodies, we show that both cadherins are localized to adherens junctions at apical and basal positions in ectoderm and endoderm. During gastrulation, partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of endodermal cells is marked by stepwise downregulation of Cadherin 3 and upregulation of Cadherin 1. Knockdown experiments show that both cadherins are required for maintenance of tissue integrity and tissue morphogenesis. Thus, both sea anemones and bilaterians use independently duplicated cadherins combinatorially for tissue morphogenesis and germ layer differentiation.

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“…Therefore, to assess the function of Cdh3 in establishing new cell junctions we used an aggregate assay. Nematostella gastrulae can be dissociated into single cells and small clusters and can be re-aggregated by centrifugation into the cell aggregates (Kirillova et al, 2018). We followed the establishment of cell contacts and the formation of the epithelium in the developing cell aggregates (Fig.…”

Section: Function Of Classical Cadherins In Early Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

Pukhlyakova

Kirillova

Kraus

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Morphogenesis is a shape-building process during development of multicellular organisms. During this process the establishment and modulation of cell-cell contacts play an important role. Cadherins, the major cell adhesion molecules, form adherens junctions connecting ephithelial cells. Numerous studies in Bilateria have shown that cadherins are associated with the regulation of cell differentiation, cell shape changes, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. To date, the role of Cadherins in nonbilaterians is unknown. Here, we study the expression and the function of two paralogous classical cadherins, cadherin1 and cadherin3, in the diploblastic animal, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We show that a cadherin switch is accompanying the formation of germ layers. Using specific antibodies, we show that both cadherins are localized to adherens junctions at apical and basal positions in ectoderm and endoderm. During gastrulation, partial EMT of endodermal cells is marked by a step-wise downregulation of cadherin3 and upregulation of cadherin1. Knockdown experiments show that both cadherins are required for maintenance of tissue integrity and tissue morphogenesis. This demonstrates that cnidarians convergently use cadherins to differentially control morphogenetic events during development.

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Germ-layer commitment and axis formation in sea anemone embryonic cell aggregates

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Germ layer specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm

Germ layer specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm

Cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

Cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

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