Gerdemannia gen. nov., a genus separated from Glomus, and Gerdemanniaceae fam. nov., a new family in the Glomeromycota

Walker, Christopher; Błaszkowski, Janusz; Schwarzott, Daniel; Schüßler, Arthur

doi:10.1017/s0953756204000346

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The innermost wall group (Fig. 3 -c) apparently consists of a single component, and occurs as a separate entity, constituting a kind of endospore (see Walker et al 2004 for a discussion of similar wall structure and terminology in complex glomeromycotan spores).…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaulosporoid glomeromycotan spores with a germination shield from the 400-million-year-old Rhynie chert

et al. 2008

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This work has been made available by the University of Kansas Libraries' Office of Scholarly Communication and Copyright. Please share your stories about how Open Access to this article benefits you.This is the published version of the article, made available with the permission of the publisher. The original published version can be found at the link below. Dotzler, N., Walker, C., Krings, M., Hass, H., Kerp, H., Taylor, T., Agerer, R. 2009. Acaulosporoid glomeromycotan spores with a germination shield from the 400-million-year-old Rhynie chert. Mycol Progress 8:9-18. Abstract Scutellosporites devonicus from the Early Devonian Rhynie chert is the only fossil glomeromycotan spore taxon known to produce a germination shield. This paper describes a second type of glomeromycotan spore with a germination shield from the Rhynie chert. In contrast to S. devonicus, however, these spores are acaulosporoid and develop laterally in the neck of the sporiferous saccule. Germination shield morphology varies, from plate-like with single or double lobes to tongue-shaped structures usually with infolded margins that are distally fringed or palmate. Spore walls are complex and appear to be constructed of at least three wall groups, the outermost of which includes the remains of the saccule. The complement of features displayed by the fossils suggests a relationship with the extant genera Ambispora, Otospora, Acaulospora or Archaeospora, but which of these is the closest extant relative cannot be determined. The acaulosporoid spores from the Rhynie chert document that this spore type was in existence already ∼400 mya, and thus contribute to a more complete understanding of the evolutionary history of the Glomeromycota. This discovery pushes back the evolutionary origin of all main glomeromycotan groups, revealing that they had evolved before rooted land plants had emerged.

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaulosporoid glomeromycotan spores with a germination shield from the 400-million-year-old Rhynie chert

et al. 2008

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“…The first two are reasonably well circumscribed, whereas the Entrophosporaceae were emended to contain only two species (Sieverding & Oehl, 2006) without verification of their placing in the Diversisporales . The Diversisporaceae encompass species with very distinct spore morphologies, including those with ‘ Glomus‐ like’ (glomoid) spores that can be identified only by a combination of molecular and morphological characters (Walker et al ., 2004a,b; Walker & Schüßler, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversispora celata sp. nov: molecular ecology and phylotaxonomy of an inconspicuous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

2009

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Summary• The increasing numbers of taxonomically unassigned phylotypes reported in molecular ecological studies contrast with the few formally described arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota). Here, a species new to science with Glomus-like spores is phylogenetically, morphologically and ecologically characterized.• From single spore isolates of a previously recognized member of the Diversisporaceae from Swiss agricultural grassland, 17 new nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences were determined and compared with 14 newly generated sequences of two close relatives and public database sequences, including environmental sequences, of known geographic origin.• SSU ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence signatures and phylogenies based on ITS, LSU and SSU rDNA sequences show that the fungus belongs to the genus Diversispora. It is described as Diversispora celata sp. nov. Comparison with environmental sequences in the public domain confirmed its molecular genetic distinctiveness and revealed a cross-continental distribution of close relatives.• The value of combining morphology and phylogeny to characterize AMF was reinforced by the morphological similarity to other species and the inconspicuous nature of D. celata spores and mycorrhizas. Inclusion of all three nuclear rDNA regions in species descriptions will facilitate species determination from environmental phylotypes.

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“…These long filaments of comparable materials to the sphe ri cal vesicle are similar to hyphae of Glomeromycotan spores, saccules and vesicles (Wu et al 1995, Walker et al, 2004, Sieverding & Oehl 2006, Pereyra et al 2006, Schüßler 2012. Similar basal tubular strucutres and wall extensions are also found in the 2200 Ma problematicum Diskagma (Re ta llack et al 2013 a).…”

Section: Hyphal Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 77%

Acritarch Evidence for an Ediacaran Adaptive Radiation of Fungi

Retallack¹

2015

Bot Pac

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A B S T R A C TAcritarchs are problematic organic-walled microfossils, traditionally regarded as phytoplankton, but also as cysts of metazoans or mesomycetozoans, and fungi. This review develops criteria for distinguishing these alternatives, and documents fungal features in several Precambrian acritarchs: (1) irregular shape, (2) hyphal attach ment, (3) spherical wall protrusions, (4) septate and fused hyphae, (5) multilayered brittle walls that split and detach, (6) large size (>100 μm), and (7) chitin and chitosan composition revealed by FTIR. Large acritarchs with fungal features are common and diverse during the Ediacaran, at the same time as extinct lichenlike Vendobionta. A different assemblage of small acritarchs diver sified with the Cambrian evolutionary explosion of algae and metazoans. A fos sil record of glomeromycotan fungi back to the Paleoproterozoic (2200 Ma) supports the idea of fungal life on land long before land plants, and an amended version of Pirozynski and Malloch's mycotrophic origin of early land plants. Акритархи -проблемные микрофоссилии c ор га ническими кле точ ными стенками, традиционно рассматриваются как фи топланктон, а так же как цисты многоклеточных организмов, мезомице то в и грибов. Дан-ный обзор предлагает критерии для различения этих групп организмов и анализ признаков нескольких групп докембрийских акритарх: (1) непра-вильная форма, (2) крепление гиф (3) сферические выступы клеточных стенок, (4) цельные гифы и гифы с перегородками (5) многослойные хруп-кие и расслаивающиеся покровы (6) большой размер (> 100 мкм) и (7) со-держание хитина и хитозана, выявляемое инфракрасной спектроксопией. Большие акритархи с признаками грибов обычны и разнообразны в эдиа-карской биоте, в то время как лихеноподобные организмы малочисленны. Сооб щест ва небольших акритарх достигли наибольшего разнообразия во время кембрийского эволюционного взрыва водорослей и многоклеточ-ных. Находки окаменелостей гломеромицетов вплоть до палеопротерозоя (2200 млн лет) поддерживают идею распространения жизни на суше в виде грибов задолго до наземных растений и говорят в пользу версии происхож-дения ранних наземных растений от микотрофных организмов, согласно Пирозинскому и Маллоку.

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Gerdemannia gen. nov., a genus separated from Glomus, and Gerdemanniaceae fam. nov., a new family in the Glomeromycota

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Acaulosporoid glomeromycotan spores with a germination shield from the 400-million-year-old Rhynie chert

Acaulosporoid glomeromycotan spores with a germination shield from the 400-million-year-old Rhynie chert

Diversispora celata sp. nov: molecular ecology and phylotaxonomy of an inconspicuous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

Acritarch Evidence for an Ediacaran Adaptive Radiation of Fungi

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