Geopolymers prepared from DC plasma treated air pollution control (APC) residues glass: Properties and characterisation of the binder phase

Alkali activation of recovered fuel–biofuel fly ash from fluidised-bed combustion: Stabilisation/solidification of heavy metals

“…Commonly used leaching tests for evaluating the stabilisation/solidification of heavy metals by alkali activation are the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) (US EPA, 1992) (Bankowski et al, 2004b(Bankowski et al, , 2004aFernandez-Jimenez et al, 2005;Guo et al, 2013b;van Jaarsveld et al, 1998;Komnitsas et al, 2013;Kourti et al, 2011;Kumar and Kumar, 2013;Luna Galiano et al, 2011;Luna et al, 2009;Ogundiran et al, 2013;Perera et al, 2005;Qian et al, 2003;Xie et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2006;Yunsheng et al, 2007), standard NEN 7341 (Kourti et al, 2011;Luna et al, 2009;NEN 7341, 1995;Sanusi et al, 2009) andstandard NEN 7345 (Álvarez-Ayuso et al, 2008;Kourti et al, 2011;Luna Galiano et al, 2011;Luna et al, 2009;NEN 7345, 1995;Ogundiran et al, 2013). The extractant in these tests is water set to an acidic pH.…”

Application of alkali-activated materials for water and wastewater treatment: a review

“…The tests include one or two extraction batches on different L/S ratios (2-10) and different particle sizes (\ 4 or \ 10 mm). In all phases, a sample is shaken with distilled water for a total of 24 h. These tests have also been used for AAM samples (Kourti et al 2011;Pereira et al 2009;Izquierdo et al 2009Izquierdo et al , 2010Lancellotti et al 2010;Galiano et al 2011;Ogundiran et al 2013;Onisei et al 2012;Nikolić et al 2013). Percolation test CEN/TS 14405 (2004) is used to study the leaching of inorganic constituents from granular wastes.…”

Final treatment of spent batteries by thermal plasma

“…In all cases the pyrolyzed material is inert and can be incorporated into concrete or transformed into other materials of high added value, such as fiberglass and carbon black (Kuorti et al, 2011;Kuo et al, 2008).…”