Geology of the Side Crater of the Erebus volcano, Antarctica

Panter, K. S.; Winter, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.019

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Caldera collapses occurred between 80 and 25 ka and between 25 and 6 ka [Harpel et al, 2004;Parmelee, 2014]. Postcaldera activity consisted of Strombolian eruptions and lava flows [Panter and Winter, 2008]. Strombolian and phreatomagmatic eruptions deposited ash-sized tephra on the flanks of the volcano.…”

Section: Erebus Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruptive history and magmatic stability of Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Insights from englacial tephra

Iverson¹,

Kyle²,

Dunbar³

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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A tephrostratigraphy of the active Antarctic Erebus volcano was determined from englacial tephra on the ice-covered flanks of Erebus and an adjacent volcano. The tephra are used to reconstruct the eruptive history and magmatic evolution of Erebus. More fine-grained and blocky particles define tephra formed in phreatomagmatic eruptions and larger fluidal shards are characteristic of magmatic eruptions and in some cases both eruptive types are identified in a single mixed tephra. The eruptions forming the mixed tephra likely started as phreatomagmatic eruptions which transitioned into Strombolian eruptions as the nonmagmatic water source was exhausted. We reconstructed the eruptive history of Erebus using the tephra layers stratigraphic position, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, shard morphology, and grain size. Major and trace element analyses of individual glass shards were measured by electron probe microanalysis and LA-ICP-MS. Trachybasalt, trachyte, and phonolite tephra were identified. All phonolitic tephra are Erebus-derived with compositions similar to volcanic bombs erupted from Erebus over the past 40 years. The tephra show that Erebus magma has not significantly changed for 40 ka. The uniformity of the glass chemical composition implies that the phonolite magma has crystallized in the same manner without change throughout the late Quaternary, suggesting long-term stability of the Erebus magmatic system. Trachyte and trachybasalt tephra were likely erupted from Marie Byrd Land and the McMurdo Sound area, respectively. The trachytic tephra can be regionally correlated and could provide an important time-stratigraphic marker in Antarctic ice cores.

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Section: Erebus Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruptive history and magmatic stability of Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Insights from englacial tephra

Iverson¹,

Kyle²,

Dunbar³

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The volcano features a summit crater hosting one of Earth's rare long‐lived lava lakes, which lies at the terminus of a magma‐filled conduit system and has produced small (VEI 0) highly repeatable Strombolian eruptions with variable frequency of occurrence and size for over four decades [ Giggenbach et al , 1973; Rowe et al , 1998; Aster et al , 2003; Jones et al , 2008; Aster et al , 2008] from multiple vents within an 80 m‐radius inner crater. The uppermost volcano (above 3000 m), approximately 70 ka in age, is composed of highly heterogeneous layered lava flows, bomb accumulations, and minor pyroclastic deposits [ Panter and Winter , 2008], and some near‐surface permafrost layers, firn, and small glaciers. Volcanic activity on Ross Island arises from rift‐related (and possibly plume abetted) processes near the western edge of the West Antarctic Rift System [ Winberry and Anandakrishnan , 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Erebus volcano using body wave seismic interferometry of Strombolian eruption coda

Chaput

Zandomeneghi

Aster

et al. 2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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Seismic interferometry is a recently developed theory that allows for the recovery of a medium's impulse response between two points should randomly distributed sources of white noise, or equivalently, a multiply scattered equipartioned wavefield, be present throughout the medium. We exploit the extremely scattering nature of volcanic media and seismic illumination from impulsive Strombolian eruptions to extract single‐station body wave Green's tensors at an unusually dense array of stations on Erebus volcano, Antarctica. We optimally rotate these Green's tensors for each notable arrival and back project them to construct a 3‐dimensional scattering map of the magma‐filled volcano conduit system, also corroborated by an independent active source tomography experiment using the same station distribution. This approach not only favors highly scattering media, contrarily to most conventional methods, but its passive nature (i.e., non‐anthropogenic sources) allows for studies of structural temporal variability, and possible extension into real‐time monitoring of active volcanoes.

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“…Regardless of their origin (volcanic, metamorphic, or biologic), fragments within vitric siltstone and sandstone are usually subrounded to well rounded. Lithologies of lithic fragments are similar to those of clasts described for the same interval (for more detail descriptions of their characteristics and inferences on their provenance, see Panter et al, 2008;. Note: Values shown are the highest and lowest SiO 2 contents with a given sample.…”

Section: Volcanogenic Sedimentary Depositsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This is consistent with a volcanic eruption occurring in a transitional environment, i.e., evolving from shallow-water or subglacial conditions (strong magma-water interaction) to a subaerial environment (no magma-water inter-action). Alternatively, multiple vents located in subaerial and shallow subaqueous environments or a single vent undergoing rapid cycling between dry Strombolian and wet phreatomagmatic explosions during a single eruptive phase (Panter and Winter, 2008) may be invoked.…”

Section: High-silica Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AND-2A core sampled an almost continuous (98% recovery) sequence of sediments composed of lithologies including terrigenous claystones, siltstones, sandstones, conglomerates, breccias, and diamictites Panter et al, 2008); 14 lithostratigraphic units were identifi ed on the basis of major changes in lithology recognized during core description . Sediments were interpreted to represent a wide and complex spectrum of depositional environments and dynamic fl uctuations in the Antarctic ice sheet recorded in numerous cycles of glacial advance and retreat during the Early to Middle Miocene Passchier et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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