Geological, chemical, and biological evidence for recent volcanism at 17.5°S: East Pacific Rise

Embley, R. W.; Massoth, Gary J.; Urabe, Tetsuro; Tunnicliffe, Verena; Butterfield, D. A.; Shibata, Tsugio; Okano, Osamu; Kinoshita, Masataka; Fujioka, Kantaro

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00181-2

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Additional visual evidence and radiometric dating indicated that the EPR eruption continued with a second pulse in late 1991 to early 1992 (Rubin et al, 1994). A similar "snowblower" vent and young lavas were discovered at 17°S on the EPR in early 1993 (Auzende et al, 1996;Embley et al, 1998;Sinton et al, 2002). et al, 1994).…”

Section: Subaerial (N = 497)mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…likely but unconfirmed eruptions are defined as those lacking a dated eruption signal on the seabed and in the water column (i.e., having a seismicity signal and an event plume but no young lava, or having seismicity and visually young lavas but no event plume or highresolution lava dating). -189, 2006; (e) Jason dive J2-408, 2009;(f) Camper camera sled, 2007;(g,m) Jason dive J2-418, 2009; (h) (Baker et al, 1987) led to the discovery of the first young deep-sea lava flows of known age: a series of pillow mounds up to 75 m high Embley et al, 1991;Chadwick and Embley, 1994) the Vailulu'u eruption is bracketed by repeat submersible surveys (Staudigel et al, 2006); the 17°S epr eruption is bracketed between a likely time of initiation estimated from hydrothermal plume heights and hydrothermal 3 he/heat levels (embley et al, 1998) and cessation some time before its discovery by submersible dives in 1992 (auzende et al, 1996); and the North cleft pillow mounds are bracketed by repeat bathymetric surveys in 1982 and 1987, shown as a dashed outline box . The eruption may have initiated at any point after 1982, but a hydrothermal megaplume (Baker et al, 1987) indicates that it was ongoing in 1986 (shown as a solid-outline box).…”

Section: Subaerial (N = 497)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Rubin¹,

Soule²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2012

oceanog

109

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Studies of ongoing or recent deep submarine eruptions reveal information about their sizes, durations, frequencies, styles, and environmental impacts. Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress fields, dictate when, where, and how often submarine eruptions occur, whereas eruption depth, magma composition, conditions of volatile segregation, and tectonic setting determine submarine eruption style.

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Section: Subaerial (N = 497)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Subaerial (N = 497)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Rubin¹,

Soule²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2012

oceanog

109

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“…ABE bathymetry reveal a nearly constant depth of 2602 m along the rim of the trough, matching the depths of the tops of lava pillars within it, suggesting the trough was created by a single eruptive event that extended at least 3 km along axis, offset in several places [ Cormier et al , 1999]. There are several indications that lava was emplaced primarily to the west, including a higher density of tubes and channels to the west (Figure 2a), and the location of the contact with older lava, detected by changes in Alvin ‐observed sediment cover [ Embley et al , 1998], though larger‐scale studies by Sinton et al [2002] suggest this is a local phenomenon. No features resembling faults or fissures are visible.…”

Section: Geologic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Carlut and Kent [2000] discuss magnetic properties of basalt samples from this cruise. Earlier submersible observations within the survey areas are discussed by Renard et al [1985], Auzende et al [1996], and Embley et al [1998]. See Detrick et al [1993], Hooft et al [1997], and Carbotte et al [1997] for discussions of the reflection seismics studies in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic dike swarms inferred from near‐bottom magnetic anomaly maps at the southern East Pacific Rise

et al. 2003

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[1] Near-bottom, high-resolution magnetic field data gathered at the southern East Pacific Rise near 17°28 0 S, 18°14 0 S, and 18°37 0 S, using the autonomous underwater vehicle Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE) echo various geologic structures, including void space within lobate caverns, recent pillow mounds, and hydrothermal vent activity. This study is focused on a magnetic field low extending several kilometers along axis, coincident with a trough created by the draining of a lava lake during a highly effusive fissure eruption at 17°28 0 S. Similar lows are observed at three other drained lava lake troughs, including one which is at least 1800 years old, residing 400 m away from the present-day axis. We attribute these lows to the presence of shallow dike swarms. The degree to which other geologic features may contribute to the lows is constrained using geologic, geophysical, and geochemical observations and forward modeling. Compositional analyses of Alvin samples at 17°28 0 S do not support Fe or Ti variations as a primary source. Hypotheses requiring hydrothermal alteration and porosity variations are both inconsistent with geologic observations and near-bottom gravity data analysis from similar areas. Previous mappings between paleointensity variations and the observed magnetic field over distances of several kilometers from the axis suggest that such variations do not create the field low. The dominant source of the magnetization low is most likely the presence of a 100-200 m wide region of shallow dikes which are poorly magnetized relative to extrusives, or a region heated above magnetic blocking or Curie temperatures by intrusions during the most recent eruption (though the latter interpretation cannot explain the low at the fossil trough). In the first case, this extrusive thinning implies a change in eruptive behavior over the last 750-1500 years given the local spreading rate. For the latter case, thermal models suggest the anomaly had to have been created by a dike swarms totaling at least 45 m width during the most recent eruption(s), corresponding to $300 years of plate spreading. Models indicate that the source of the low is centered slightly east of the axial trough. This offset suggests that the axis has been progressively migrating westward over the past millennium, consistent with other studies covering greater length and timescales. Westward migration provides an explanation for the preferential emplacement of recent lavas flows west of the axis, evident in ABE bathymetry and submersible observations.

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“…Heat from the magma chamber induces hydrothermal circulation. An area prone to frequent eruptive activity usually has ongoing hydrothermalism and a local pool of vent species, such as are seen at the high spreading rate centres of the southeast Pacific (Embley et al 1998). On the northern East Pacific Rise, thick microbial mats, large uncolonised surfaces, and even partly cooked animals indicated a recent eruption (Haymon et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a hydrothermal vent assemblage on a volcanically active segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeast Pacific

Tsurumi¹,

Tunnicliffe²

2001

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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An eruption on Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, in 1986 provided an opportunity to observe potential successional patterns in vent-animal colonisation. Other objectives were to describe the Cleft fauna, examine the distribution and abundance of selected taxa, and determine if the fauna reflected changes in water chemistry. Biological samples were tubeworm grabs collected by submersible, and visual data were still photographs and videos. Two years post eruption, there were extensive diffuse vents and 23 of the 44 species constituting the Cleft species pool were present. Five years post eruption, most low-temperature vents were extinct. High-temperature venting was maintained, and biological communities were reduced in visual extent. Four of the 44 species in samples from 1988-1994 accounted for over 90% of the individuals. Cluster analyses of species collected on tubes did not distinguish year or substratum differences, suggesting that a study of less than a year is necessary to document successional patterns at new vents. The Cleft subset of the Juan de Fuca Ridge species pool is likely adapted to episodic eruptive events on the decadal scale. Major changes in fluid chemistry did not result in detectable community changes other than habitat loss due to a decrease in dissolved sulphide availability.Résumé : Une éruption sur la section Cleft de la dorsale Juan de Fuca en 1986 nous a permis d'observer les patterns potentiels de succession dans la colonisation par la faune des cheminées hydrothermales. Nos objectifs secondaires sont de décrire la faune de la section Cleft, d'étudier la répartition et la composition de taxons particuliers et d'établir si les changements faunistiques reflètent les variations dans la chimie de l'eau. Les données biologiques consistent en des récoltes de vers tubicoles à la benne réalisées par submersible et les données visuelles en des photographies et des films vidéo. Deux ans après l'éruption, il y avait un grand nombre de cheminées diffuses et 23 des 44 espèces du pool d'espèces de la section Cleft étaient présentes. Cinq ans après l'éruption, la plupart des cheminées à basse température étaient inactives. Il y avait des cheminées à haute température et, visuellement, les communautés biologiques y étaient réduites. Quatre des 44 espèces récoltées de 1988 à 1994 représentent plus de 90% de la densité totale. Des analyses de groupement des espèces récoltées sur les tubes ne permettent de distinguer ni les années ni les substrats, ce qui laisse croire qu'une étude au cours de la première année est nécessaire pour suivre la succession sur les nouvelles cheminées. Le sous-groupe d'espèces de la section Cleft du pool d'espèces de la dorsale Juan de Fuca est sans doute adapté à des éruptions sporadiques à une échelle de quelques dizaines d'années. Les variations importantes dans la chimie des fluides n'ont pas généré de changements décelables dans la communauté autres que des pertes d'habitat causées par une baisse de la disponibilité des sulfures dissous.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Tsurum...

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Geological, chemical, and biological evidence for recent volcanism at 17.5°S: East Pacific Rise

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Episodic dike swarms inferred from near‐bottom magnetic anomaly maps at the southern East Pacific Rise

Characteristics of a hydrothermal vent assemblage on a volcanically active segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeast Pacific

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