2009
DOI: 10.1177/0309132509348688
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Abstract: In this report I focus on encounter, and the manner in which tourism catalyses entanglements of people, places and identities. Antecedent were earlier theories of the tourist gaze, and critiques of tourism as neocolonialism. One response was the emergence of an ethical tourism industry — branded as such because of commitments to pay decent wages, respect local cultures and tread lightly on nature. While the ethical tourism industry has made strides on these issues, I critique its reliance on binary thinking, a… Show more

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Cited by 110 publications
(72 citation statements)
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References 31 publications
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“…Recently, ethical aspects in tourism and development and related modes of production and consumption have been emphasised in tourism geographies (Fennell 2006(Fennell , 2012, with links to elements such as climate change, global poverty reduction, post/neo colonialism, political economy and the empowerment of previously marginalised and disadvantaged groups (see Gibson 2010;Scheyvens 2011;Hall 2013;Nepal & Saarinen 2016).…”
Section: Tourism and Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, ethical aspects in tourism and development and related modes of production and consumption have been emphasised in tourism geographies (Fennell 2006(Fennell , 2012, with links to elements such as climate change, global poverty reduction, post/neo colonialism, political economy and the empowerment of previously marginalised and disadvantaged groups (see Gibson 2010;Scheyvens 2011;Hall 2013;Nepal & Saarinen 2016).…”
Section: Tourism and Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, the notion that travel is personally transformative is widespread (Reisinger, 2013;Sampaio, 2014), and many authors argue that tourism may engender transformations that support social justice precisely because they are premised around "encounters across difference" (Coghlan & Gooch, 2011;Knollenberg, McGehee, Boley, & Clemmons, 2014;Reisinger, 2013;Walter, 2013). These "encounters"-and their emotional, affective, and sensory aspects-have the potential to unsettle established habits of thought and to open new ethical and moral relations between peoples and places (Caton, 2012;Gibson, 2008Gibson, , 2009. Recent research documents a growing range of "alternative" tourism ventures, such as ecotourism, cultural tourism, voluntourism, and pro-poor tourism, that seek to harness the potential of tourism for such purposes as addressing inequalities, facilitating understanding across differences, and motivating attitudinal or behavioural change (Barton & Leonard, 2010;Cohen & Cohen, 2012;Higgins-Desbiolles, 2006;McGehee, 2012;Reisinger, 2013).…”
Section: Transforming Tourists and "Culturalising Commerce": Indigenomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also emerged as a key issue in the geographical studies on tourism (see Squire, 1994;Mowforth, Munt, 1998;Saarinen, 1999;Gibson, 2008). Tourism is increasingly seen as a major element constituting the way in which we see other places and cultures, and the way in which "we and others" see and represent "us and them" and related identities (Del Casino, Hanna 2000;Gibson, 2010;Saarinen, 2014). All this has made the geographical study of tourism and culture an exciting and growing issue, and recently the role and participation of local communities in cultural or heritage tourism development and products has interested human geographers (Hall, Page, 2009;Saarinen, Niskala, 2009;Gibson, 2010).…”
Section: Geography and The Rise Of Cultural Tourismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tourism is increasingly seen as a major element constituting the way in which we see other places and cultures, and the way in which "we and others" see and represent "us and them" and related identities (Del Casino, Hanna 2000;Gibson, 2010;Saarinen, 2014). All this has made the geographical study of tourism and culture an exciting and growing issue, and recently the role and participation of local communities in cultural or heritage tourism development and products has interested human geographers (Hall, Page, 2009;Saarinen, Niskala, 2009;Gibson, 2010). According to the WTO (2005), cultural tourism accounted for 37% of global tourism, and the estimation is that cultural tourism grows at a rate of 15% per year.…”
Section: Geography and The Rise Of Cultural Tourismmentioning
confidence: 99%