Geographical variations of risk factors associated with HCV infection in drug users in southwestern China

Zhou, Yibiao; Wang, Q. X.; Yang, Mei-Xiao; Gong, Yi; Yang, Ya; Nie, Shi-Jiao; Liang, Song; Li, Nan; Coatsworth, Ashley M.; Yang, Ai-Hui; Liao, Qiang; Song, Xiaoyan; Jiang, Qingwu

doi:10.1017/s0950268815002666

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, the prevalence of HCV antibody was five times higher among participants of Vietnamese ethnic origin. Although ethnicity has been reported to be associated with HCV in other studies [39], we suggest that this is likely to be a proxy indicator of other structural risk behavioral or other risk factors, which would need to be further investigated in our context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus antibody among people who inject drugs in Cambodia: a national biological and behavioral survey

Mun

Chhoun³

et al. 2019

Harm Reduct J

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Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant global health concern. Despite evidence of the relationship between injecting drug use and HCV, studies on HCV among people who inject drugs in developing countries remain scarce. To address this need, we conducted this study to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV antibody positivity among people who inject drugs in Cambodia. Methods Data used for this study were collected as part of the National Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey among people who use and inject drugs conducted in 2017. We used the respondent-driven sampling method to recruit participants in 12 provinces for face-to-face interviews and HIV and HCV antibody testing. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with HCV antibody positivity. Results This study included 286 people who inject drugs with a mean age of 31.6 (SD = 7.5) years. The prevalence of HCV antibody among participants in this study was 30.4%, of whom 31.0% were co-infected with HIV. After adjustment for other covariates, the odds of HCV antibody positivity was significantly higher among participants who were in the older age group of 25 to 34 (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.06–7.92) and ≥ 35 (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.24–5.71), were in Vietnamese ethnic group (AOR = 5.44, 95% CI = 2.25–13.14), were living on the streets (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.29–704), had been sent to a drug rehabilitation center in the past 12 months (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.21–5.90), had received methadone maintenance therapy in the past 12 months (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.32–6.92), and were tested positive for HIV (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI = 1.58–9.12) compared to their respective reference group. Conclusion The prevalence of HCV antibody among people who inject drugs in Cambodia is high, particularly in older and more vulnerable subgroups. Tailor-made interventions are required to increase access to culturally sensitive harm reduction interventions to prevent primary HCV infection and reinfection. In addition, there is an opportunity to expand screening, diagnosis, and treatment with new directly acting antiviral agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus antibody among people who inject drugs in Cambodia: a national biological and behavioral survey

Mun

Chhoun³

et al. 2019

Harm Reduct J

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“…A previous study found that healthcare access in ethnic minority regions was worse than in the non-minority region ( Mali Xia et al, 2014 ; Wang and Pan, 2016 ). Some ethnic minorities, located in border areas, may have more drug trafficking and use, potentially contributing to the high incidence rate of HCV infection ( Zhou et al, 2016 ). Besides, the governments in developed areas may invest more money and resources in healthcare and people’s health awareness than in underdeveloped areas ( Zhou and Zhou, 2013 ).…”

Section: Epidemiological Characteristics Of Hepatitis C In the Mainla...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Hepatitis C Elimination in China: From Epidemiology, Natural History, and Intervention Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Hepatitis C imposes a heavy burden on many countries, including China, where the number of reported cases and the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) increased yearly from 2005 to 2012, with a stable trend after 2012. The geographical distribution of HCV infections varies widely in China, with the northwest and southwest regions and the Henan Province showing a high disease burden. Elderly, men, sexually active people, drug users, migrants, blood transfusion recipients, and renal dialysis patients have become the target populations for hepatitis C prevention and control. It is important to improve the diagnosis rate in high-risk groups and asymptomatic people. Identifying secondary HCV infections, especially in HCV patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a priority of hepatitis C prevention and control. Enhancing universal access to direct antiviral agents (DAAs) treatment regimens is an effective way to improve the cure rate of HCV infection. For China to contribute to the WHO 2030 global HCV elimination plan, strategic surveillance, management, and treatment program for HCV are needed.

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“…17 and Zhou et al . 18 . However, there is no a similar logistic regression model to deal with those disease detection data and considering both the geographical and temporal variation of the correlation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographically weighted temporally correlated logistic regression model

Liu

Lam

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Detecting the temporally and spatially varying correlations is important to understand the biological and disease systems. Here we proposed a geographically weighted temporally correlated logistic regression (GWTCLR) model to identify such dynamic correlation of predictors on binomial outcome data, by incorporating spatial and temporal information for joint inference. The local likelihood method is adopted to estimate the spatial relationship, while the smoothing method is employed to estimate the temporal variation. We present the construction and implementation of GWTCLR and the study of the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator. Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the proposed model. GWTCLR was applied on real epidemiologic data to study the climatic determinants of human seasonal influenza epidemics. Our method obtained results largely consistent with previous studies but also revealed certain spatial and temporal varying patterns that were unobservable by previous models and methods.

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Geographical variations of risk factors associated with HCV infection in drug users in southwestern China

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus antibody among people who inject drugs in Cambodia: a national biological and behavioral survey

Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus antibody among people who inject drugs in Cambodia: a national biological and behavioral survey

Feasibility of Hepatitis C Elimination in China: From Epidemiology, Natural History, and Intervention Perspectives

Geographically weighted temporally correlated logistic regression model

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