Abstract:Aims
To evaluate the genotypic diversity and acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the potential association of these factors with dental caries experience in children with DS compared to non‐DS children (controls).
Methods and results
Seventeen children (age 6‐12 years) with high salivary S. mutans counts (> 2.5 × 105 CFU/mL) were selected and divided into two groups: DS and non‐DS. Five children in each group were caries‐free, while the remainder had elevated caries experience. S. mutans isol… Show more
“…D1—Population representativeness; D2—Target population; D3—DS group; D4—Control group; D5—Data collection in the same way; D6—Data collection through the subject; D7—Default criteria; D8—Well described subject; D9—Reliability and validity; D10—Cavitation incidence; D11—DMFT/dmft; D12—Genre; D13—Age. Articles evaluated [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] (from top to bottom).…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure A2 Geographic subgroup meta-analysis (Asia, Europe and South America) of caries incidence in control patients. Articles references (from top to bottom): Subgroup Asia [ 20 , 23 , 33 ], Subgroup Europe [ 24 , 26 ] and Subgroup America [ 21 , 28 , 29 , 35 ]. Figure A3 Meta-regression of age versus caries incidence for the control group.…”
Scientific evidence regarding the incidence of dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients is limited and sometimes presents divergent opinions among authors, making it difficult to reach definitive conclusions. We aimed to evaluate the caries incidence in the DS pediatric population and compare it against healthy controls. The search was performed using 4 universal databases: Cochrane, B-on, Biomed, and PubMed. The selected articles were synthesized and subsequently evaluated according to an adaptation of the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies risk of bias tool, and analysis charts were performed by the Risk of Bias visualization tool (ROBVIS). Statistics and graphs were performed by Open Meta Analyst and JASP software. The confounding effect on caries incidence of the following factors was evaluated through meta-regression: age, Male/Female (M/F) ratio, DMFT, dmft, and study geographic location. Overall, the incidence of caries in the DS population was 49.9%, whereas in the control population was 63.4%. The M/F ratio, DMFT, and dmft significantly affected the incidence of DS individuals (p-value < 0.05). The evidence regarding the lower pooled incidence of caries in individuals with DS regarding controls is limited by the few scientific reports available and cross-section designs. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
“…D1—Population representativeness; D2—Target population; D3—DS group; D4—Control group; D5—Data collection in the same way; D6—Data collection through the subject; D7—Default criteria; D8—Well described subject; D9—Reliability and validity; D10—Cavitation incidence; D11—DMFT/dmft; D12—Genre; D13—Age. Articles evaluated [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] (from top to bottom).…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure A2 Geographic subgroup meta-analysis (Asia, Europe and South America) of caries incidence in control patients. Articles references (from top to bottom): Subgroup Asia [ 20 , 23 , 33 ], Subgroup Europe [ 24 , 26 ] and Subgroup America [ 21 , 28 , 29 , 35 ]. Figure A3 Meta-regression of age versus caries incidence for the control group.…”
Scientific evidence regarding the incidence of dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients is limited and sometimes presents divergent opinions among authors, making it difficult to reach definitive conclusions. We aimed to evaluate the caries incidence in the DS pediatric population and compare it against healthy controls. The search was performed using 4 universal databases: Cochrane, B-on, Biomed, and PubMed. The selected articles were synthesized and subsequently evaluated according to an adaptation of the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies risk of bias tool, and analysis charts were performed by the Risk of Bias visualization tool (ROBVIS). Statistics and graphs were performed by Open Meta Analyst and JASP software. The confounding effect on caries incidence of the following factors was evaluated through meta-regression: age, Male/Female (M/F) ratio, DMFT, dmft, and study geographic location. Overall, the incidence of caries in the DS population was 49.9%, whereas in the control population was 63.4%. The M/F ratio, DMFT, and dmft significantly affected the incidence of DS individuals (p-value < 0.05). The evidence regarding the lower pooled incidence of caries in individuals with DS regarding controls is limited by the few scientific reports available and cross-section designs. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
“…A Síndrome de Down (SD) é uma condição humana geneticamente determinada, associada a um cromossomo extra presente no cromossomo 21 1,2 . Trata-se da anomalia genética mais comum em seres humanos, independentemente de etnia e nível socioeconômico, com uma incidência de 1 por 1.000 nascidos vivos 3 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Algumas características fenotípicas relacionam-se com a SD, incluindo distúrbios motores e musculoesqueléticos, alterações neurológicas, anormalidades hematológicas e imunológicas, cardiopatias congênitas e problemas respiratórios 1 . Apresenta, ainda, características orofaciais específicas, tais como: agenesia dentária, dentes conoides, diastema, hipoplasia, erupção dentária tardia e bruxismo, entre outros 3 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Além destas, pesquisas sugerem uma maior predisposição a doenças periodontais [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] .…”
Objetivo: Identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e a condição de saúde periodontal de indivíduos diagnosticados com Síndrome de Down.
Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo indivíduos diagnosticadas com Síndrome de Down na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba. A coleta dos dados sociodemográficos foi realizada através de um questionário semiestruturado aplicado com os cuidadores. O exame clínico foi realizado em ambiente clínico. A amostra foi do tipo não probabilística, por conveniência (n = 20). Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva. Para as variáveis categóricas foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e percentuais, para as variáveis quantitativas foram calculadas as medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade. As análises foram realizadas com o auxílio do software IBM SPSS Statistics versão 20.0.
Resultados: Observou-se uma paridade entre os indivíduos pesquisados em relação ao sexo, 60% eram de cor branca e a média de idade foi de 24,6 anos (DP = 7,08) e renda familiar de 2,47 salários mínimos (DP = 3,57). A higiene bucal é realizada pelo próprio indivíduo (89,5%), usando rotineiramente escova e pasta (68,4%), duas vezes ao dia (50%). A maior parte dos entrevistados já realizou alguma visita ao dentista (84,2%), mais de 4x (66,7%), há menos de 6 meses (53,3%), somente no setor privado (50,0%), sendo o motivo principal da consulta a prevenção (31,3%). Observou-se que a média do índice de placa foi elevado (89,53%). A média do índice de sangramento à sondagem foi de 39,93% e a média de profundidade de sondagem foi de 2,09 mm.
Conclusão: Estudos com grupos de indivíduos com SD, que apresentam atendimento odontológico preventivo contínuo e sistemático, demonstraram uma melhora efetiva da saúde periodontal.
Purpose of Review
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) may be more susceptible to oral disorders as a result of a combination of genetic factors, immunological disturbances, anatomical anomalies, and probable difficulties in maintaining adequate oral hygiene. Within this context, we provide a comprehensive review of the most important relationships between oral health and Down syndrome.
Recent Findings
Recent investigations suggest that a diminished diversity in the oral microbiome could emerge as a critical factor affecting oral health in individuals with DS. Plausible anatomical and metabolic peculiarities inherent to DS, including alterations in salivary characteristics, the presence of obstructive sleep apnea, elevated end glycation product levels, and hypothyroidism, may exert a significant influence on the composition and dynamics of the oral microbiome. A comprehensive analysis of the evidence implies a reduced occurrence of caries in individuals with DS. Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis indicates that gingivitis (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.09–3.41) and periodontitis (OR 3.93; 95% CI 1.81–8.53) are more frequent in people with DS and strongly associated. Oral function in DS is also affected resulting in speech, breathing and eating problems. These findings underscore the necessity to implement targeted educational and awareness programs, along with specific intervention protocols, for the younger generations of individuals with DS, their families, and caregivers.
Summary
Although trisomy 21 itself does not determine a specific cause of oral diseases in DS, common oral health conditions such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and caries remain a matter of concern. The nexus between insufficient plaque control, distinctive oral characteristics, and reluctance to engage in treatment persists as noteworthy determinants. The necessity for oral health professionals to exercise patience and commitment when addressing oral care for individuals with Down syndrome is crucial.
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