Genotypic and antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin proteins of African measles virus isolates

Truong, Anh; Kreis, Stephanie; Ammerlaan, Wim; Hartter, Heike K.; Adu, F. D.; Omilabu, S.A.; Oyefolu, A O; Berbers, Guy A. M.; Muller, Claude P.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00072-6

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the B3.1 and B3.2 HA proteins showed that the two groups could be differentiated by the amino acids at positions 240, 283, 303, and 471 (Table IV). It is probable as previously suggested by Truong et al [1999] that amino acid 471 plays a role in the recognition by monoclonal BH30 as the other three amino acids of B3.2 strains are the same as the vaccine strain. …”

Section: B3 Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Measles virus strains circulating in Central and West Africa: Geographical distribution of two B3 genotypes

Kouomou

Nerrienet

Mfoupouendoun

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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Africa remains one of the major reservoirs of measles infection. Molecular epidemiological studies have permitted different measles virus isolates to be grouped into clades and genotypes; the major group, which has been identified as indigenous to Africa, is clade B. The viruses from epidemics in the Gambia (1993) and in the Cameroon (2001) were examined. In both studies, the homogeneity of the virus isolates within the epidemic as shown by sequence analysis revealed less than 0.2% variation of nucleotides between isolates. The measles viruses isolated in 1983 in Yaoundé, Cameroon, were designated as the B1 genotype. However, in 2001 only viruses belonging to the B3 genotype were found in this city. The viruses in the Gambia (1993) were also of the B3 genotype. However, these viruses could be distinguished from each other at the antigenic level and by comparative sequence analysis. The B3 Cameroon (2001) viruses were related to the proposed B3.1 subgroup, whereas the Gambian (1993) isolates corresponded to the B3.2 subgroup. The geographical distribution for the period 1993-2001 of these two viruses shows that B3.1 is found from the Sudan to Nigeria and Ghana extending south to the Cameroon, whereas the B3.2 genotype is found in West Africa. In Nigeria and Ghana, the viruses co-circulate. The identification of these viruses will permit more meaningful epidemiological studies after the proposed increase in measles vaccination coverage.

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Section: B3 Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Studies carried out by Hanses et al [1999] and Truong et al [1999] showed that both B3.1 and B3.2 viruses were circulating in Nigeria and Ghana in 1997 and 1998. An anti-HA monoclonal antibody (BH30) was able to distinguish between these B3 groups on the basis of virus neutralization, only B3.1 being neutralized.…”

Section: B3 Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles virus strains circulating in Central and West Africa: Geographical distribution of two B3 genotypes

Kouomou

Nerrienet

Mfoupouendoun

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Clade-and genotyping was based on type-specific single nucleotide differences between clades or genotypes of MV. All published sequences of the hypervariable region (HVR) of the MV N gene (nt 1233 to 1682) were aligned and assigned to their respective genotypes by phylogenetic analysis as described previously (23). Sequences belonging to the officially extinct lineages (B1, B2, D1, E, F, and G1), as well as those belonging to genotype C1, which was last detected 10 years ago (2), were removed from the data set.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Virus Genotyping by Nucleotide-Specific Multiplex PCR

et al. 2004

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A simple genotyping method based on multiplex PCR has been developed to discriminate between all active measles virus (MV) clades and genotypes (A, B3.1, B3.2, C2, D2-D9, G2-G3, and H1-H2). The sequencing reaction was replaced by six multiplex PCRs: one to identify the clade and five to identify the respective genotype. Primers were sensitive to clade-and genotype-specific nucleotides and generated fragments of type-specific sizes that were analyzed by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. On the basis of all published MV sequences, positive and negative predictive values of 99.2% and 98.6% were calculated. Variability in the primer binding sites, which could potentially reduce sensitivity, was very limited among published sequences. As new genotypes are described, additional specific primers can be included in the multiplex PCR with relative ease. Although sequencing remains the "gold standard," the present method should facilitate MV genotyping especially in developing countries and will therefore contribute to enhanced MV control and elimination strategies as recommended by the World Health Organization.

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“…In these studies, the outbreaks were considered to be the result of circulation of single strains of MV. The higher levels of genetic variability seen in measles outbreaks in Nigeria, Ghana, China, and Vietnam have been interpreted as representing cocirculation of multiple strains of MV [Xu et al, 1998;Hanses et al, 1999;Truong et al, 1999;Liffick et al, 2001].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of more recent African isolates revealed another endemic group of clade B viruses in the central and western parts of sub-Saharan Africa, supporting the division of clade B into three genotypes B1, B2, and B3. Genotype B3 can be further subdivided: cluster-a viruses (B3a) have been isolated from Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and as far east as Sudan, suggesting that B3a viruses are widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa [Hanses et al, 1999;Truong et al, 1999;El Mubarak et al, 2002]. Genotype B3 cluster-b viruses (B3b) appear to have a more limited distribution and have only been detected in Western Africa [Kouomou et al, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles virus genotype B2 is not inactive: Evidence of continued circulation in Africa

2005

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This study describes two measles outbreaks--one in Cape Town, South Africa in November 2002, and the other in Luanda, Angola in March 2003. The outbreaks were notable because they were caused by closely related genotype B2 viruses. This genotype was first described in an outbreak in Libreville, Gabon in the 1980s and was labeled as inactive by the World Health Organization in 2003 because it had not been detected for over 15 years. As the first three cases in the Cape Town outbreak were Angolan citizens who recently arrived from Angola, it appears likely that the source of the virus was Angola. Molecular analysis of specimens collected during the outbreak in Luanda provided direct evidence for the circulation of genotype B2 measles virus (MV) in Angola. This study clearly demonstrates that there is still active circulation of genotype B2 in Africa, and we propose that its apparent inactivity is merely the result of insufficient virologic/molecular surveillance in the region. These findings highlight the need for expanded molecular surveillance in Africa.

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Genotypic and antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin proteins of African measles virus isolates

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Measles virus strains circulating in Central and West Africa: Geographical distribution of two B3 genotypes

Measles virus strains circulating in Central and West Africa: Geographical distribution of two B3 genotypes

Measles Virus Genotyping by Nucleotide-Specific Multiplex PCR

Measles virus genotype B2 is not inactive: Evidence of continued circulation in Africa

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