Genotoxicity assessment of saline extract from Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) and its chemopreventive effect against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage

Abstract

Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) is used to treat wounds and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether the saline extract from its stem would have genotoxic or anti-genotoxic effects. In the genotoxicity evaluation, mice received the extract (500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg) orally while negative and positive controls were treated with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) per os and cyclophosphamide (CPA, 80 mg/kg i.p.), respectively. In the antigenotoxicity assay, using other animals, treatments were carried out by administering the extract (500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg) or saline solution (negative control) per os and then CPA (80 mg/kg i.p.) 1 h later. Genotoxic effects were evaluated by micronucleus test and comet assay using peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. Oral administration of only the extract at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg did not result in genotoxicity. A slight increase in the incidence of micronucleus was observed at the highest dose (2,000 mg/kg). Administration of the extract before CPA reduced the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) number by 49.07-71.43%, and DNA fragmentation in peripheral blood (85.04-94.44%) and bone marrow (87.43-92.70%) cells also decreased. In conclusion, when administered orally at the tested doses, the extract is genotoxically safe, being cautious in doses above 1,000 mg/kg, and has a protective effect against CPA-induced DNA damage.

Induced Chromosomal Aberrations of Cyclophosphamide in Bone Marrow Cells of Albino Rats and Possible Protective Role of Zinc Chloride

“…The number of chromosomal abnormalities in the zinc chloride-supported group were less than CP and comparable to the control group [figures 1 to 7]. Data in table [2] demonstrated that, the numbers and types of chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells of rats of the CP-treated group had several chromosomal abnormalities such as ring chromosomes, deletion, fragmentation and polyploidy. When compared to the control group, the mean frequency of overall chromosomal abnormalities was considerably higher following CP therapy [0.34±0.40 versus 9.67±1.85].The pretreatment with ZnCl with CP showed significant reduction of chromosomal abnormalities that induced by CP [1.97 ±0.75].…”

“…Cyclophosphamide [CP] has anticancer effects and harmful to normal cells, this bad effects may due to the imbalance of antioxidant system resulting in the accumulation of free radicals, Free radicals can cause DNA fragments, chromosomal aberrations [1] . Several studies demonstrated chromosomal aberrations caused by anticancer drugs in bone marrow cells [2,3] . So, it was necessary to use antioxidant materials to decrease the harmful impacts of CP and other anticancer drugs on normal tissues.…”

Chemotherapeutic Mechanism of Action of the Synthetic Resorcinolic Methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-2-octanoylbenzoate

“…When AMS35BB is associated with CYC , there is a tendency to potentiate the genotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic drug. , This can be confirmed by the frequency of cell death in the liver and kidneys. Although the potentiation of micronuclei did not appear significant, the extent of damage increased significantly.…”

Food Plants in the Caatinga

“…In addition, the saline extract from the stem of P. gounellei did not present significant toxic effects over 28 consecutive days and demonstrated antipyretic activity, together with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects (Oliveira et al 2019). Still, when administered orally at the tested doses, the extract is genotoxically safe, when used with caution in doses above 1.000 mg/kg, and has a protective effect against CPA-induced DNA damage (Oliveira et al 2020).…”