Genomics and Health Care Disparities

Armstrong, Katrina

doi:10.1001/2012.jama.10820

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, there are greater genetic differences within than between certain racial/ethnic groups and genetic variations within all populations [35,36,37]. Hence, CRS and CMR with associated obesity are due to a complex interplay of behavioral, genetic, environmental, and social factors.…”

Section: Classification Of Race/ethnicity and Cmr: Limitations In Utimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risks in Minority Populations

Ferdinand

Rodríguez

Nasser³

et al. 2013

Cardiorenal Med

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death in the USA, regardless of self-determined race/ethnicity, and largely driven by cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS). The primary drivers of increased CMR include obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease as well as associated adverse behaviors of physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy eating habits. Given the importance of CRS for public health, multiple stakeholders, including the National Minority Quality Forum (the Forum), the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the Association of Black Cardiologists (ABC), have developed this review to inform clinicians and other health professionals of the unique aspects of CMR in racial/ethnic minorities and of potential means to improve CMR factor control, to reduce CRS and CVD in diverse populations, and to provide more effective, coordinated care. This paper highlights CRS and CMR as sources of significant morbidity and mortality (particularly in racial/ethnic minorities), associated health-care costs, and an evolving index tool for cardiometabolic disease to determine geographical and environmental factors. Finally, this work provides a few examples of interventions potentially successful at reducing disparities in cardiometabolic health.

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Section: Classification Of Race/ethnicity and Cmr: Limitations In Utimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risks in Minority Populations

Ferdinand

Rodríguez

Nasser³

et al. 2013

Cardiorenal Med

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“…1 Several of these disparities are strongly associated with race and ethnicity. [2][3][4][5] To address the persistent racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes and increasing diversity of the US population, many people have advocated for a more racially and ethnically diverse workforce. [6][7][8] Non-Hispanic Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NH/OPI), and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) are racial and ethnic groups…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Ethnic Diversity Among Students, Graduates, and Faculty in Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 2010-2020

et al. 2022

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Objective: This study is a follow-up to a study in 2020 that reviewed changes in the racial and ethnic composition of public health students, graduates, and faculty among Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)–member institutions. In the current study, we evaluated how the racial and ethnic composition among biostatistics and epidemiology students, graduates, and faculty changed from 2010 to 2020. Methods: We analyzed data on race and ethnicity of enrolled graduate students, graduates (master’s and doctoral), and faculty at ASPPH-member institutions by using institutionally reported data from the ASPPH Data Center. We tabulated frequencies, percentages, and percentage-point changes by race and ethnicity. We measured differences between groups by using a test for difference in 2 proportions. Results: The number of enrolled students, graduates, and faculty in all departments increased during the study period, while the number of tenure-track faculty in biostatistics decreased. The percentage of enrolled Hispanic/Latino biostatistics graduate students increased from 5.6% in 2010 to 10.2% in 2020 ( P = .007), and the percentage of epidemiology graduates increased from 8.8% to 13.8% ( P = .008). We found no differences among other underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. Most biostatistics and epidemiology professors at all ranks were non-Hispanic White, despite substantial decreases. The percentage of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority biostatistics and epidemiology professors was constant across all ranks. Conclusion: Although more Hispanic/Latino students are enrolled in and graduating from biostatistics and epidemiology departments at ASPPH-member institutions, we found no change among faculty. More work is needed to recruit and retain other (American Indian/Alaska Native, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander) underrepresented students and faculty.

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“…[68][69][70][71] For example, it has been shown that African Americans would consider potential benefits of research for themselves, families, and community but concerns about exploitation, distrust, and motives are important parts of decision making. 72 Unfortunately, disparities persist in the implementation of genomics in healthcare. An analysis of genome wide association studies (GWAS) in 2016 found that 81% of participants were of European ancestry, with little representation of African, Latin American, Hispanic, or Indigenous populations.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts to recruit participants for biomedical research in underrepresented communities have been most successful when conducted by investigators who are of concordant racial and ethnic background and in partnership with institutions trusted by those communities 68–71 . For example, it has been shown that African Americans would consider potential benefits of research for themselves, families, and community but concerns about exploitation, distrust, and motives are important parts of decision making 72 . Unfortunately, disparities persist in the implementation of genomics in healthcare.…”

Section: What Are the Research Gaps?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equitable delivery of expanded genetic technologies: Considerations for prenatal and reproductive care

et al. 2023

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Genomics and Health Care Disparities

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risks in Minority Populations

Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risks in Minority Populations

Racial and Ethnic Diversity Among Students, Graduates, and Faculty in Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 2010-2020

Equitable delivery of expanded genetic technologies: Considerations for prenatal and reproductive care

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