Genomic imprinting in plant embryos

Scholten, Stefan

doi:10.4161/epi.5.6.12313

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…While embryo‐imprinted genes (e.g. mee1 ) have been identified in maize diploid embryos (Jahnke and Scholten, ; Scholten, ), some studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have failed to find any evidence of genomic imprinting in diploid embryos (Gehring et al ., ; Hsieh et al ., ; Schon and Nodine, ). However, other Arabidopsis thaliana studies have identified a small number of imprinted genes in F1 diploid embryos, ranging from 35 to 55 (Alonso‐Peral et al ., ) to 11 (Raissig et al ., ) imprinted genes detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental‐genome dosage effects on the transcriptome of F1 hybrid triploid embryos of Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2017

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Genomic imprinting in the seed endosperm could be due to unequal parental-genome contribution effects in triploid endosperm tissue that trigger parent-of-origin specific activation and/or silencing of loci prone to genomic imprinting. To determine whether genomic imprinting is triggered by unequal parental-genome contribution effects, we generated a whole-genome transcriptome dataset of F1 hybrid triploid embryos (as mimics of F1 hybrid triploid endosperm). For the vast majority of genes, the parental contributions to their expression levels in the F1 triploid hybrid embryos follow a biallelic and linear expression pattern. While allele-specific expression (ASE) bias was detected, such effects were predominantly parent-of-origin independent. We demonstrate that genomic imprinting is largely absent from F1 triploid embryos, strongly suggesting that neither triploidy nor unequal parental-genome contribution are key triggers of genomic imprinting in plants. However, extensive parental-genome dosage effects on gene expression were observed between the reciprocal F1 hybrid embryos, particularly for genes involved in defence response and nutrient reservoir activity, potentially leading to the seed size differences between reciprocal triploids. We further determined that unequal parental-genome contribution in F1 triploids can lead to overexpression effects that are parent-of-origin dependent, and which are not observed in diploid or tetraploid embryos in which the parental-genome dosage is balanced. Overall, our study demonstrates that neither triploidy nor unequal parental-genome contribution is sufficient to trigger imprinting in plant tissues, suggesting that genomic imprinting is an intrinsic and unique feature of the triploid seed endosperm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental‐genome dosage effects on the transcriptome of F1 hybrid triploid embryos of Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2017

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“…Imprinting in plants was thought only to occur in the triploid endosperm and therefore expected that gymnosperms would lack imprinting mechanisms (Garnier et al ., 2008 ). However, more recently, it has been shown that genomic imprinting can occur in angiosperm embryos (Scholten, 2010 ). The gymnosperm Norway spruce also has capacity to store environmental conditions in an epigenetic memory during embryogenesis, with exposure to different temperatures during embryo development fixing epigenetic marks prior to seed maturation, leading to modified germination time and seedling development (Yakovlev et al ., 2010 ).…”

Section: A Developmental Framework For Crop Yield and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable harvest: managing plasticity for resilient crops

Bloomfield

Rose

King

2014

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Maintaining crop production to feed a growing world population is a major challenge for this period of rapid global climate change. No consistent conceptual or experimental framework for crop plants integrates information at the levels of genome regulation, metabolism, physiology and response to growing environment. An important role for plasticity in plants is assisting in homeostasis in response to variable environmental conditions. Here, we outline how plant plasticity is facilitated by epigenetic processes that modulate chromatin through dynamic changes in DNA methylation, histone variants, small RNAs and transposable elements. We present examples of plant plasticity in the context of epigenetic regulation of developmental phases and transitions and map these onto the key stages of crop establishment, growth, floral initiation, pollination, seed set and maturation of harvestable product. In particular, we consider how feedback loops of environmental signals and plant nutrition affect plant ontogeny. Recent advances in understanding epigenetic processes enable us to take a fresh look at the crosstalk between regulatory systems that confer plasticity in the context of crop development. We propose that these insights into genotype × environment (G × E) interaction should underpin development of new crop management strategies, both in terms of information-led agronomy and in recognizing the role of epigenetic variation in crop breeding.

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“…DNA methylation, an essential part of epigenetics research, plays an important role in genetic information [1], genetic diversity of species formation and somaclonal variation factor [2,3]. It is a reaction in which a methyl group transfers from S-adenosyl-L-methionine [4] to the target cytosine or adenine [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%