Genomic imprinting and the expression of affect in Angelman syndrome: what's in the smile?

Oliver, Chris; Horsler, Kate; Berg, Katy; Bellamy, G. Thomas; Dick, K.; Griffiths, Emily

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01736.x

Cited by 62 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In contrast to children with Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome children are highly active, with reduced duration of sleep, frequent suckling attempts, and enhanced levels of socially-directed positive affect (Cohen et al, 2005;Oliver et al 2007). These diverse phenotypes have been interpreted as reflecting increased behavioral and energetic demands on the mother, as predicted by the direction of imprinted-gene deviation, towards reduced relative effects from the maternallyexpressed imprinted gene UBE3A (Oliver et al 2007).…”

Section: Angelman Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These diverse phenotypes have been interpreted as reflecting increased behavioral and energetic demands on the mother, as predicted by the direction of imprinted-gene deviation, towards reduced relative effects from the maternallyexpressed imprinted gene UBE3A (Oliver et al 2007). Such an increased 'set-level' of demands imposed on mothers might be expected to lead to insecure forms of attachment, unless the demands are met, whereupon social-emotional development should proceed as normally as possible under the circumstances of severe intellectual disability that characterize this syndrome.…”

Section: Angelman Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Strategies of the Genes: Genomic Conflicts, Attachment Theory, and Development of the Social Brain

Crespi

2011

Brain, Behavior and Epigenetics

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I describe and evaluate the hypothesis that effects from parent-offspring conflict and genomic imprinting on human neurodevelopment and behavior are central to evolved systems of mother-child attachment. The psychological constructs of Bowlby's attachment theory provide phenomenological descriptions of how attachment orchestrates affective-cognitive development, and patterns of imprinted gene expression and co-expression provide evidence of epigenetic and evolutionary underpinnings to human growth and neurodevelopment. Social-environmental perturbations to the development of normally-secure attachment, and alterations to evolved systems of parent-offspring conflict and imprinted-gene effects, are expected to lead to specific forms of maladaptation, manifest in psychiatric conditions affecting social-brain development. In particular, under-development of the social brain in autism may be mediated in part by mechanisms that lead to physically enhanced yet psychologically under-developed attachment to the mother, and affective-psychotic conditions, such as schizophrenia and depression, may be mediated in part by forms of insecure attachment and by increased relative effects of the maternal brain, both directly from mothers and via imprinted-gene effects in offspring. These hypotheses are concordant with findings from epidemiology, attachment theory, psychiatry, and genetic and epigenetic analyses of risk factors for autism and affective-psychotic conditions, they make novel predictions for explaining the causes of psychosis in Prader-Willi syndrome and idiopathic schizophrenia, and they suggest avenues for therapeutic interventions based on normalizing alterations to epigenetic networks and targeting public-health interventions towards reduction of perturbations to the development of secure attachment in early childhood and individuation during adolescence.

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Section: Angelman Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Angelman Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

The Strategies of the Genes: Genomic Conflicts, Attachment Theory, and Development of the Social Brain

Crespi

2011

Brain, Behavior and Epigenetics

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“…Through this they identified that higher levels of laughing and smiling behaviors occurred when adult attention, and particularly adult eye contact, was present. Finally, employing sequential lag analyses to naturalistic observation data, Oliver et al (2007) found that every smile by children with Angelman syndrome (n=13) evoked higher levels of eye contact, smiles and attention from the adult than smiles of children without Angelman syndrome (matched for degree of intellectual disability). This social contact then makes the child smile; possibly as a result of the positive affect and internal reward mechanisms initiated by these interactions (Oliver et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, employing sequential lag analyses to naturalistic observation data, Oliver et al (2007) found that every smile by children with Angelman syndrome (n=13) evoked higher levels of eye contact, smiles and attention from the adult than smiles of children without Angelman syndrome (matched for degree of intellectual disability). This social contact then makes the child smile; possibly as a result of the positive affect and internal reward mechanisms initiated by these interactions (Oliver et al, 2007). Adams et al (in press) extended the work of Horsler & Oliver (2006b), investigating the effect of age on smiling and laughing, looking and approach behaviours demonstrated by children with Angelman syndrome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression and assessment of emotions and internal states in individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities

Adams¹,

Oliver²

2011

Clinical Psychology Review

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The expression of emotions and internal states by individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities is a comparatively under-researched area. Comprehensive or standardised methods of assessing or understanding the emotions and internal states within this population, whose ability to communicate is significantly compromised, do not exist.The literature base will be discussed and compared to that within the general population.Methods of assessing broader internal states, notably depression, anxiety, and pain within severe or profound intellectual disabilities are also addressed. Finally, this review will examine methods of assessing internal states within genetic syndromes, including hunger, social anxiety and happiness within Prader-Willi, Fragile-X and Angelman syndrome. This will then allow for the identification of robust methodologies used in assessing the expression of these internal states, some of which may be useful when considering how to assess emotions within individuals with intellectual disabilities.

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“…During early childhood, individuals with Angelman syndrome show excessive degrees of solicitation to parents, as implicated by extreme levels of crying, hyperactivity and sleeplessness; they also, however, show high levels of positive mood, notably in social interactions [136,137]. Taken together, these traits have been interpreted as essentially the psychological opposite of Prader-Willi syndrome, whereby increased paternal imprinted-gene influences favour increased solicitation via activity and positive mood.…”

Section: (F ) Social Interactions With Kin Early In Life Generate Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

First principles of Hamiltonian medicine

Crespi

Foster

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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We introduce the field of Hamiltonian medicine, which centres on the roles of genetic relatedness in human health and disease. Hamiltonian medicine represents the application of basic social-evolution theory, for interactions involving kinship, to core issues in medicine such as pathogens, cancer, optimal growth and mental illness. It encompasses three domains, which involve conflict and cooperation between: (i) microbes or cancer cells, within humans, (ii) genes expressed in humans, (iii) human individuals. A set of six core principles, based on these domains and their interfaces, serves to conceptually organize the field, and contextualize illustrative examples. The primary usefulness of Hamiltonian medicine is that, like Darwinian medicine more generally, it provides novel insights into what data will be productive to collect, to address important clinical and public health problems. Our synthesis of this nascent field is intended predominantly for evolutionary and behavioural biologists who aspire to address questions directly relevant to human health and disease.

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Genomic imprinting and the expression of affect in Angelman syndrome: what's in the smile?

Abstract: Background. Kinship theory (or the genomic conflict hypothesis) proposes that the

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

The Strategies of the Genes: Genomic Conflicts, Attachment Theory, and Development of the Social Brain

The Strategies of the Genes: Genomic Conflicts, Attachment Theory, and Development of the Social Brain

The expression and assessment of emotions and internal states in individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities

First principles of Hamiltonian medicine

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