Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucosa of the mouth. Heredity, immunity, infection, local stimulating factors, systemic disorders, and other factors are among the etiological factors. There have been numerous reports in recent years about the impact of microbial infection factors, including as bacteria and viruses, on the incidence and progression of lichen planus. Both have very few systematic descriptions. As a result, the goal of this review is to outline the relationship between OLP and microbial infection.