Genome‐wide analysis of phenobarbital‐inducible genes in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

An oligoarray analysis was conducted to determine the differential expression of genes due to phenobarbital exposure in Drosophila melanogaster (w(1118) strain) third instar larvae. Seventeen genes were observed to be induced with increased expression by a statistical analysis of microarrays approach with a q < or = 0.05. At q < or = 0.12, four more genes (Cyp12d1, DmGstd4, and two genes with unknown function) were found to be up-regulated, and 11 genes with unknown function were found to be down-regulated. Fifteen of these genes, Cyp4d14, Cyp6a2, Cyp6a8, Cyp12d1, Cyp6d5, Cyp6w1, CG2065, DmGstd6, DmGstd7, Amy-p/Amy-d, Ugt86Dd, GC5724, Jheh1, Jheh2 and CG11893, were verified using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Some of these genes have been shown to be over-transcribed in metabolically DDT-resistant Drosophila strains.

Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster cytochrome P450 genes

“…Other microarray experiments performed by challenging D. melanogaster to a wide variety of conditions, such as exposure phenobarbital (40)(41)(42)76), ethanol (77,78), starvation (79), and looking at transcriptome changes in response to aging (80) identified a number of P450s that alter expression levels in response to variations in these parameters. We highlight 2 examples in which tissue-expression data can be used to extend microarray results.…”

Molecular characterization of two novel deltamethrin‐inducible P450 genes from Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)

“…PB induction of P450s has been demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster (Sun et al, 2006), Helicoverpa zea , Blatella germanica (Brown et al, 2003), and Aedes aegypti (Sousa-Polezzi and Bicudo, 2004). Caffeine has also been reported to induce P450s in D. melanogaster (Bhaskara et al, 2006;Willoughby et al, 2006).…”

“…It has been well documented that some P450s could be induced by PB, which is one of the most commonly used inducers of P450s. According to a genome-wide analysis of PB-inducible genes in D. melanogaster, some P450 genes (e.g., CYP6A2) associated with metabolic pesticide resistance were observed to be PB-induced with increased expression (Sun et al, 2006). Londoño et al (2004) reported that atrazine induces a family 4 cytochrome P450 gene in Chironomus tentans (Diptera: Chironomidae).…”

“…Although the xenobiotic response has been extensively studied, little information is known on the molecular basis of the transcriptional response in insects. There is a hypothesis that PB induction and P450-mediated metabolic resistance to insecticides share some common regulatory pathways (Sun et al, 2006). A DHR96 null mutant of D. melanogaster displays increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of phenobarbital and the pesticide DDT as well as defects in the expression of many phenobarbital-regulated genes.…”

Functional expression of Ips paraconfusus cytochromes P450 exhibiting conspicuous up-regulation with feeding on host phloem.

“…A common evolutionary ancestor in terms of gene family is also possible, especially given only 41% identity (Table 3.3). CYP4AY1 also shared identity with a Tribolium castaneum P450 similar to CYP4D14, which in third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster exhibited increased expression with pheonbarbital exposure (Sun et al, 2006). Pheonbarbital exposure induces some of the same genes as pesticide exposure does in resistant strains, so is applied to find genes related to pesticide resistance.…”