Genome Sequence of Striga asiatica Provides Insight into the Evolution of Plant Parasitism

Yoshida, Satoko; Kim, Seungill; Wafula, Eric; Tanskanen, Jaakko; Kim, Yong Min; Honaas, Loren; Yang, Zhenzhen; Spallek, Thomas; Conn, Caitlin E.; Ichihashi, Yasunori; Cheong, Kwang Ho; Cui, Songkui; Der, Joshua P.; Gundlach, Heidrun; Jiao, Yuannian; Hori, Chiaki; Ishida, Juliane Karine; Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Kiba, Takatoshi; Kim, Myungshin; Koo, Namjin; Laohavisit, Anuphon; Lee, Yong Hwan; Lumba, Shelley; McCourt, Peter; Mortimer, Jenny C.; Mutuku, J. Musembi; Nomura, T.; Sasaki-Sekimoto, Yuko; Seto, Yoshiki; Wang, Yu; Wakatake, Takanori; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Demura, Taku; Yamaguchi, Shinjiro; Yoneyama, Koichi; Manabe, Ri Ichiroh; Nelson, David C.; Schulman, Alan H.; Timko, Michael P.; dePamphilis, Claude W.; Choi, Doil; Shirasu, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.086

Cited by 119 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…We found that several GO terms, such as “lipid metabolic process” and “carbohydrate metabolic process”, are strongly enriched in the rest of the haustorium but not in the intrusive cells (Supplemental Tables S1 and S2). Yoshida et al . (2019) showed that genes categorized under the GO terms “protein metabolic process”, “carbohydrate metabolic process”, and “catabolic process” are upregulated in rice-infecting Striga hermonthica at 7 dpi, when the host-parasite connection in the haustorium is established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S6). Interestingly, the only other gene with experimentally confirmed expression in intrusive cells encodes a peroxidase in S. hermonthica (Yoshida et al ., 2019). Also, chemically inhibiting peroxidase activity, and thus altering the redox homeostasis, reduces haustorium formation in Striga spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many SBT genes are also upregulated in Striga spp. upon infection (Yoshida et al, 2019). SBTs are a widespread protein family existing in eubacteria, archaebacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses (Rawlings and Barrett, 1994; Schaller et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite many studies aimed at analyzing the transcriptional changes that occur during haustorium development and host infection in various species of parasitic plants (Ranjan et al ., 2014; Yang et al ., 2015; Zhang et al, 2015; Ichihashi et al ., 2015, Sun et al ., 2018; Yoshida et al ., 2019), there have been few functional studies of these haustorium-specific genes. To explore the molecular mechanisms of parasitism, including haustorium organogenesis, we established a model parasitic plant system using Phtheirospermum japonicum , a facultative parasitic plant in the Orobanchaceae (Ishida et al ., 2016; Spallek et al ., 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Subtilase activity in the intrusive cells mediates haustorium maturation in parasitic plants

Ogawa

Wakatake

Spallek

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Parasitic plants that infect crops are devastating to agriculture throughout the world. They develop a unique inducible organ called the haustorium, which connects the vascular systems of the parasite and host to establish a flow of water and nutrients. Upon contact with the host, the haustorial epidermal cells at the interface with the host differentiate into specific cells called intrusive cells that grow endophytically towards the host vasculature. Then, some of the intrusive cells re-differentiate to form a xylem bridge that connects the vasculatures of the parasite and host. Despite the prominent role of intrusive cells in host infection, the molecular mechanisms mediating parasitism in the intrusive cells are unknown. In this study, we investigated differential gene expression in the intrusive cells of the facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum in the family Orobanchaceae by RNA-Sequencing of laser-microdissected haustoria. We then used promoter analyses to identify genes that are specifically induced in intrusive cells, and used promoter fusions with genes encoding fluorescent proteins to develop intrusive cell-specific markers. Four of the intrusive cell-specific genes encode subtilisin-like serine proteases (SBTs), whose biological functions in parasitic plants are unknown. Expression of an SBT inhibitor in the intrusive cells inhibited their development, inhibited the development of the xylem bridge, and reduced auxin response levels near the site where the xylem bridge normally develops. Therefore, we propose that subtilase activity plays an important role in haustorium development in this parasitic plant.One sentence summaryTissue-specific analysis showed that the subtilases specifically expressed in intrusive cells regulate auxin-mediated host-parasite connections in the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subtilase activity in the intrusive cells mediates haustorium maturation in parasitic plants

Ogawa

Wakatake

Spallek

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…To date, no other parasitic effectors have been clearly characterized. The genome sequences of Striga asiatica (Yoshida et al , 2019), Orobanche cumana (S. Munos & P. Delavault, unpublished), and P. ramosa (S. Wicke, unpublished) should provide valuable data to seek such potential effector proteins and some studies seem to support their existence. Hegenauer et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

Are root parasitic plants like any other plant pathogens?

Delavault

2020

New Phytologist

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Evolution of Polygalacturonases and Polygalacturonase‐Inhibiting Proteins: A View Beyond the Classical Perspective

Haeger

Pauchet

Kirsch

2022

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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As the first line of defence, the plant cell wall represents a battleground for both attackers' arsenals of harmful compounds and defensive actions of plants. Plants counteract tissue maceration caused by their enemies' plant cell wall degrading enzymes. Among those, pectin‐degrading polygalacturonases (PGs) of the glycoside hydrolase family 28 (GH28) are impaired by PG‐inhibiting proteins (PGIPs), extracellular members of the leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) family. PG‐PGIP interaction is well studied in the context of microbial phytopathogens. However, hypothetically, every organism that benefits from PG activity could be affected by PGIPs. Herein, we develop this view from the plant, the insect and the evolutionary perspective: (i) Plants produce their own PGs, which are involved in different developmental processes. We revisit plant PG–PGIP interaction and discuss foundational studies in light of up‐to‐date plant PG amino acid sequence data. (ii) We summarise recent advances in the field of PGs produced by insects and insect‐associated microbial symbionts and review how PGIPs influence insect PGs. (iii) As the functions of PGIPs and closely related LRR proteins are not limited to the inhibition of PGs, we combine information on functionally characterised LRR proteins with a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and discuss the roles of plant‐specific extracellular LRR proteins in plant resistance and beyond.

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Genome Sequence of Striga asiatica Provides Insight into the Evolution of Plant Parasitism

Cited by 119 publications

References 68 publications

Subtilase activity in the intrusive cells mediates haustorium maturation in parasitic plants

Subtilase activity in the intrusive cells mediates haustorium maturation in parasitic plants

Are root parasitic plants like any other plant pathogens?

Evolution of Polygalacturonases and Polygalacturonase‐Inhibiting Proteins: A View Beyond the Classical Perspective

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