Genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash trees

Sollars, Elizabeth; Harper, Andrea L.; Kelly, Laura J.; Sambles, Christine; Ramírez-González, Ricardo H.; Swarbreck, David; Kaithakottil, Gemy; Cooper, Endymion D.; Uauy, Cristóbal; Havlíčková, Lenka; Worswick, G. D. N.; Studholme, David J.; Zohren, Jasmin; Salmon, Deborah; Clavijo, Bernardo; Li, Yi; He, Zhesi; Fellgett, Alison; McKinney, Lea Vig; Nielsen, Lene Rostgaard; Douglas, G. C.; Kjær, Erik Dahl; Downie, J. Allan; Boshier, David; Lee, Stephen; Clark, Jo; Grant, Murray; Bancroft, Ian; Cáccamo, Mario; Buggs, Richard J. A.

doi:10.1038/nature20786

Cited by 167 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Thus, the above dates and 4DTv patterns suggest that both WGD events inferred from the oleaster genome (as well as from the ash one) are specific to Oleaceae and occurred independently of WGD in the lineage leading to S. indicum, M. guttatus and U. gibba (Fig. 2C) (see also (14)). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Genome of wild olive and the evolution of oil biosynthesis

Ünver

Wu²,

Sterck

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

211

255

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SignificanceWe sequenced the genome and transcriptomes of the wild olive (oleaster). More than 50,000 genes were predicted, and evidence was found for two relatively recent whole-genome duplication events, dated at about 28 and 59 million years ago. Whole genome sequencing, as well as gene expression studies, provide further insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis, and will aid future studies aimed at further increasing the production of olive oil, which is a key ingredient of the healthy Mediterranean diet and has been granted a qualified health claim by FDA. 5 AbstractHere, we present the genome sequence and annotation of the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), called oleaster, which is considered an ancestor of cultivated olive trees. More than 50,000 protein-coding genes were predicted, a majority of which could be anchored to 23 pseudo-chromosomes obtained through a newly constructed genetic map. The oleaster genome contains signatures of two Oleaceae-lineage specific paleopolyploidy events, dated at approximately 28 and 59 million years ago. These events contributed to the expansion and neofunctionalization of genes and gene families that play important roles in oil biosynthesis.The functional divergence of oil biosynthesis pathway genes, such as FAD2, SACPD, EAR and ACPTE, following duplication, has been responsible for the differential accumulation of oleic and linoleic acids produced in olive compared to sesame, a closely related oil crop. Duplicated oleaster FAD2 genes are regulated by a short-interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from a transposable element-rich region, leading to suppressed levels of FAD2 gene expression.Additionally, neofunctionalization of members of the SACPD gene family has led to increased expression of SACPD2, 3, 5 and 7, consequently resulting in an increased desaturation of steric acid. Taken together, decreased FAD2 expression and increased SACPD expression likely explain the accumulation of exceptionally high levels of oleic acid in olive. The oleaster genome thus provides important insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis and will be a valuable resource for oil crop genomics. 6 /bodyAs a symbol of peace, fertility, health and longevity, the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a socio-economically important oil crop that is widely grown in the Mediterranean Basin.Belonging to the Oleaceae family (order Lamiales), it can biosynthesize essential unsaturated fatty acids and other important secondary metabolites, such as vitamins and phenolic compounds (1). The olive tree is a diploid (2n = 46) allogamous crop that can be vegetatively propagated and live for thousands of years (2). Paleobotanical evidence suggests that olive oil was already produced in the Bronze Age (3). It has been thought that cultivated varieties were derived from the wild olive tree, called oleaster (O. europaea var. sylvestris), in Asia Minor, which then spread to Greece (4). Nevertheless, the exact domestication history of the olive tree is unknown (5). Due to their longevity, oleaster...

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confidence: 99%

“…KEGG metabolic pathway annotations of oleaster and eleven other plant species including other oil crops such as (15), shared by olive and ash (14). To establish the age of these two WGD, absolute phylogenomic dating (16) was carried out.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of wild olive and the evolution of oil biosynthesis

Ünver

Wu²,

Sterck

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

211

255

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“…F. excelsior is diploid, with 2C = 46 chromosomes (Sollars et al 2017), and in Poland the probability of hybridization with other ash species in forest stands is null. (Nei 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of DNA profiles of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) to provide evidence of illegal logging

Tereba¹,

Woodward

Konecka³

et al. 2017

Wood Sci Technol

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Illegal logging is a major problem in many European countries. Recent progress in molecular biology, however, has significantly improved the ability to accurately identify wood material. In this paper, the first application of microsatellite DNA markers is described in a case of illegal logging of European ash wood in Polish State Forests. The genetic fingerprints of seized ash wood samples were determined using six nuclear and four chloroplast microsatellite loci, characterized by sufficient stringency in forensic analyses. By comparing the DNA profiles obtained, the origin of one sample of ash wood used as evidence material was confirmed, from among three samples serving as reference material with 99.99999% of probability. This work demonstrates how DNA authenticity testing can serve as an important technical tool in monitoring the legality of the suspected ash timber and confirms the utility of these techniques in detecting illegally logged timber in general.

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“…ornus , all of which have low disease susceptibility [26]. A higher resolution analysis of the transcriptome data, taken in conjunction with the recently sequenced European ash genome [28], identified 20 GEMs associated with low susceptibility. Eight of these encoded MADS-box–containing proteins typical of transcription factors and 2 encoded cinnamoyl–coenzyme A (CoA) reductase 2–like genes, giving more potential genetic markers for low susceptibility.…”

Section: Identification Of Genetic Markers For Low Susceptibility Usimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using assays with 1 SNP and 3 GEMs, it appeared that the United Kingdom population of ash tested may have a higher frequency of low susceptibility than the Scandinavian ash populations tested [28]. Based on genome sequencing [28] and microsatellite markers [29], most of the UK population of F .…”

Section: Identification Of Genetic Markers For Low Susceptibility Usimentioning

confidence: 99%