Genome packaging in multi-segmented dsRNA viruses: distinct mechanisms with similar outcomes

Borodavka, Alexander; Desselberger, Ulrich; Patton, John T.

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2018.08.001

Cited by 67 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The Cystoviridae are a family of bacterial dsRNA viruses and although they are somewhat smaller and simpler than the Reoviridae (they possess only three genome segments) it has been proposed that they share a common ancestor 19 . The Cystoviridae have acted as a model system for understanding assembly and RNA packaging in dsRNA viruses 20 – 22 and the first stage in the assembly of these viruses is the formation of a highly indented SLP 23 . There is a striking similarity between the indented SLPs of phage Phi8 (representative of the Cystoviridae ) and reovirus (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly intermediates of orthoreovirus captured in the cell

Sutton

Sun

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

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Traditionally, molecular assembly pathways for viruses are inferred from high resolution structures of purified stable intermediates, low resolution images of cell sections and genetic approaches. Here, we directly visualise an unsuspected ‘single shelled’ intermediate for a mammalian orthoreovirus in cryo-preserved infected cells, by cryo-electron tomography of cellular lamellae. Particle classification and averaging yields structures to 5.6 Å resolution, sufficient to identify secondary structural elements and produce an atomic model of the intermediate, comprising 120 copies each of protein λ1 and σ2. This λ1 shell is ‘collapsed’ compared to the mature virions, with molecules pushed inwards at the icosahedral fivefolds by ~100 Å, reminiscent of the first assembly intermediate of certain prokaryotic dsRNA viruses. This supports the supposition that these viruses share a common ancestor, and suggests mechanisms for the assembly of viruses of the Reoviridae. Such methodology holds promise for dissecting the replication cycle of many viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly intermediates of orthoreovirus captured in the cell

Sutton

Sun

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

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“…Considering this, it could be expected that packaging of segmented viral genomes is a highly selective process. The existence of a selective packaging mechanism has already been demonstrated for segmented RNA viruses of other families such as influenza virus and rotavirus [13][14][15] . Reverse genetics and electron microscopy studies on influenza virus showed that the eight genome segments use packaging signals to assemble into a supramolecular complex with a '7+1' configuration [16][17][18][19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Visualizing the RNP content of single bunyavirus virions reveals more efficient genome packaging in the arthropod host

Bermúdez-Méndez¹,

Katrukha²,

Spruit³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Bunyaviruses have a genome that is divided over multiple segments. Genome segmentation complicates the generation of progeny virus, since each newly formed virus particle should preferably contain a full set of genome segments in order to disseminate efficiently within and between hosts. Here, we combine immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques to simultaneously visualize bunyavirus progeny virions and their genomic content at single-molecule resolution in the context of singly infected cells. Using Rift Valley fever virus and Schmallenberg virus as prototype tri-segmented bunyaviruses, we show that bunyavirus genome packaging is influenced by the intracellular viral genome content of individual cells, which results in greatly variable packaging efficiencies within a cell population. We further show that bunyavirus genome packaging is more efficient in insect cells compared to mammalian cells and provide new insights on the possibility that incomplete particles may contribute to bunyavirus spread as well.

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“…We generally use the human RV for TEM study, in which viroplasm is relatively rare. The critical concentration of NSP2 outside of viroplasm is far too low for DLPs assembly (Borodavka et al 2017(Borodavka et al , 2018. It has been shown that primary human RV clinical isolates grow very well in secondary monkey kidney cells, far better than in MA104 African green monkey kidney cells (Ward et al 1984).…”

Section: Tep Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus Replication: Gaps of Knowledge on Virus Entry and Morphogenesis

Sano

2019

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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In 1973, rotaviruses A (RVAs) were discovered as major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. The infectious RV virion is an icosahedral particle composed of three concentric protein layers surrounding the 11 double-stranded (dsRNA) segments. An in vitro replication system for RVs in permanent cell lines was developed in 1982 and expanded to replication in intestinal organoids in 2015. However, the details of rotavirus (RV) entry into cells and particle maturation mechanisms at the molecular level remain incompletely understood. Slowing down human RVA replication in cell culture on ice allowed morphological visualization of virus particle entry and the assembly of triplelayered particles (virion). Although RVAs are non-enveloped viruses, after virus attachment to the cell membrane, the virus enters the cell by perforating the plasma membrane by a fusion mechanism involving VP5* of the cleaved VP4 protein, as the alternative virus entry route besides the receptor-mediated endocytosis which is generally accepted. After assembling double-layered particles (DLPs) in viroplasm or cytoplasm, they appear to be connected with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and become coated with outer capsid proteins (VP4 and VP7) in a coating process. The perforation of the ER membrane is caused by an unknown mechanism following interaction between non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) and the inner capsid protein VP6 of the DLPs. The coating process is closely related to the formation of a hetero-oligomeric complex (NSP4, VP4 and VP7). These lines of evidence suggest the existence of novel mechanisms of RV morphogenesis.

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Genome packaging in multi-segmented dsRNA viruses: distinct mechanisms with similar outcomes

Cited by 67 publications

References 69 publications

Assembly intermediates of orthoreovirus captured in the cell

Assembly intermediates of orthoreovirus captured in the cell

Visualizing the RNP content of single bunyavirus virions reveals more efficient genome packaging in the arthropod host

Rotavirus Replication: Gaps of Knowledge on Virus Entry and Morphogenesis

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