Genome of Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188
            <sup>T</sup>
            , a Versatile Opportunistic Pathogen and Symbiont of Several Eukaryotic Hosts

Chain, Patrick; Lang, Dorothy; Comerci, Diego J.; Malfatti, Stephanie; Vergez, Lisa M.; Shin, Maria; Ugalde, Rodolfo A.; García, Emilio García; Tolmasky, Marcelo E.

doi:10.1128/jb.05335-11

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Ochrobactrum spp. are thought to be rhizosphere community members but are capable of infecting animal hosts (46,47). We hypothesize that the entire upp cluster was first lost in the Bartonella lineage during adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle after diverging from Brucella/Ochrobactrum.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Rhizobiales-Specific Unipolar Polysaccharide Adhesin Contributes to Rhodopseudomonas palustris Biofilm Formation across Diverse Photoheterotrophic Conditions

Fritts

LaSarre

Stoner

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacteria predominantly exist as members of surfaced-attached communities known as biofilms. Many bacterial species initiate biofilms and adhere to each other using cell surface adhesins. This is the case for numerous ecologically diverse Alphaprotebacteria, which use polar exopolysaccharide adhesins for cell-cell adhesion and surface attachment. Here, we show that Rhodopseudomonas palustris, a metabolically versatile member of the alphaproteobacterial order Rhizobiales, contains a functional unipolar polysaccharide (UPP) biosynthesis gene cluster. Deletion of genes predicted to be critical for UPP biosynthesis and export abolished UPP production. We also found that R. palustris uses UPP to mediate biofilm formation across diverse photoheterotrophic growth conditions, wherein light and organic substrates are used to support growth. However, UPP was less important for biofilm formation during photoautotrophy, where light and CO 2 support growth, and during aerobic respiration with organic compounds. Expanding our analysis beyond R. palustris, we examined the phylogenetic distribution and genomic organization of UPP gene clusters among Rhizobiales species that inhabit diverse niches. Our analysis suggests that UPP is a conserved ancestral trait of the Rhizobiales but that it has been independently lost multiple times during the evolution of this clade, twice coinciding with adaptation to intracellular lifestyles within animal hosts.IMPORTANCE Bacteria are ubiquitously found as surface-attached communities and cellular aggregates in nature. Here, we address how bacterial adhesion is coordinated in response to diverse environments using two complementary approaches. First, we examined how Rhodopseudomonas palustris, one of the most metabolically versatile organisms ever described, varies its adhesion to surfaces in response to different environmental conditions. We identified critical genes for the production of a unipolar polysaccharide (UPP) and showed that UPP is important for adhesion when light and organic substrates are used for growth. Looking beyond R. palustris, we performed the most comprehensive survey to date on the conservation of UPP biosynthesis genes among a group of closely related bacteria that occupy diverse niches. Our findings suggest that UPP is important for free-living and plantassociated lifestyles but dispensable for animal pathogens. Additionally, we propose guidelines for classifying the adhesins produced by various Alphaprotebacteria, facilitating future functional and comparative studies.KEYWORDS Rhodopseudomonas, adhesin, biofilm, holdfast, phylogenetic analysis, unipolar polysaccharide

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“…4 and Data Set S2). In contrast, the soil-dwelling opportunistic human pathogen Ochrobactrum anthropi (46), which is more closely related to Brucella than Bartonella, contains a complete uppAB-CDEF gene cluster (Fig. 4).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Rhizobiales-Specific Unipolar Polysaccharide Adhesin Contributes to Rhodopseudomonas palustris Biofilm Formation across Diverse Photoheterotrophic Conditions

Fritts

LaSarre

Stoner

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…P. fluorescens is not believed to cause human infection (25), and there are only limited examples of O. anthropi subgroups known to infect humans (26). Rather, these two organisms are predominantly found in environmental settings (25, 27). The substantial phylogenetic divergence between these traditionally non-pathogenic soil isolates and numerous human pathogens (table S9) contrasts with the 100% identity of numerous resistance genes found in both groups, confirming these genes moved between species via HGT.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and Human Pathogens

Forsberg

Reyes

Wang

et al. 2012

Science

1,354

887

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Soil microbiota represent one of the ancient evolutionary origins of antibiotic resistance and have been proposed as a reservoir of resistance genes available for exchange with clinical pathogens. Using a high-throughput functional metagenomic approach in conjunction with a pipeline for the de-novo assembly of short-read sequence data from functional selections (termed PARFuMS), we provide evidence for recent exchange of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental bacteria and clinical pathogens. We describe multidrug-resistant soil bacteria containing resistance cassettes against five classes of antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines) which have perfect nucleotide identity to genes from diverse human pathogens. This identity encompasses non-coding regions as well as multiple mobilization sequences, offering not only evidence of lateral exchange, but also a mechanism by which antibiotic resistance disseminates.

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“…Of the clinically relevant species, O. anthropi is becoming increasingly recognized as a potentially problematic, opportunistic, and nosocomial pathogen (10,11). O. anthropi is an aerobic, oxidase-positive, urease-positive, Gram-negative, motile, non-lactose-fermenting bacillus previously known as "Achromobacter group Vd" (12).…”

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Clinical Characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacteremia

et al. 2013

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The clinical picture of Ochrobactrum anthropi infection is not well described because the infection is rare in humans and identification of the pathogen is difficult. We present a case of O. anthropi bacteremia that was initially misidentified as Ralstonia paucula and later identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and recA analysis. CASE REPORTA n 85-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to receive transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). He had liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score A) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by hepatitis C virus infection. His medical history included repeated radio frequency ablation and a total of nine TACE procedures for the treatment of HCC. He had also experienced urinary bladder and ureteral carcinoma.The patient was free from any complications; however, he suddenly developed high fever (39°C), chills, and rigors 12 days after TACE. Physical examination did not reveal any significant findings, but laboratory testing showed a highly inflammatory state: his white blood cell count was 17,700/mm 3 , and his C-reactive protein level was 4.5 mg/dl. Urine examination was normal, and whole-body computed tomography revealed no particular pathogenic lesion. An echocardiogram was not performed. Oral cefcapene pivoxil was prescribed for 1 week based on the suspicion of some forms of infection relating to TACE.Two sets of blood cultures were obtained at the time of high fever. Of these four bottles, two different aerobic bottles became positive for Gram-negative rods after an incubation period of 36 h. However, the patient's condition and laboratory measurements improved promptly, and he was discharged on day 16 without distinct diagnosis. Later, the organism was identified as Ralstonia paucula by the Microscan walkaway system (Siemens) with a concordance rate of 99.9%. Susceptibility testing showed the organism to be sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, minocycline, and colistin but resistant to ␤-lactams such as piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Although the pathogen was resistant to the antibiotic prescribed, he responded well to the treatment and the antibiotic did not need to be changed.The organism had been rarely encountered at our hospital, and therefore the sample was sent to Kochi University for further identification. The two samples derived from different blood cultures were examined separately. Blood samples were inoculated onto agar media and incubated at 28°C. Pale yellow colonies grew in culture and released a popcorn-like smell. Almost the entire region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by colony PCR using a pair of primers (pr0R2, 5=-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3=; 9Rev, 5=-AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCC-3=) and sequenced with the BigDye Terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit. The resulting sequences from the two samples were identical. BLAST analysis against the NCBI database revealed the organism not to be R. paucula but rather to be of the Ochrobactrum anthropi c...

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Genome of Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188 ^T , a Versatile Opportunistic Pathogen and Symbiont of Several Eukaryotic Hosts

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

A Rhizobiales-Specific Unipolar Polysaccharide Adhesin Contributes to Rhodopseudomonas palustris Biofilm Formation across Diverse Photoheterotrophic Conditions

A Rhizobiales-Specific Unipolar Polysaccharide Adhesin Contributes to Rhodopseudomonas palustris Biofilm Formation across Diverse Photoheterotrophic Conditions

The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and Human Pathogens

Clinical Characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacteremia

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Genome of Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188 T , a Versatile Opportunistic Pathogen and Symbiont of Several Eukaryotic Hosts

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

A Rhizobiales-Specific Unipolar Polysaccharide Adhesin Contributes to Rhodopseudomonas palustris Biofilm Formation across Diverse Photoheterotrophic Conditions

A Rhizobiales-Specific Unipolar Polysaccharide Adhesin Contributes to Rhodopseudomonas palustris Biofilm Formation across Diverse Photoheterotrophic Conditions

The Shared Antibiotic Resistome of Soil Bacteria and Human Pathogens

Clinical Characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacteremia

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Genome of Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188 ^T , a Versatile Opportunistic Pathogen and Symbiont of Several Eukaryotic Hosts