Genital bovine leptospirosis: A new look for an old disease

Loureiro, Ana Paula; Lilenbaum, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.011

Cited by 95 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Rats were most likely to be designated as an asymptomatic reservoir host, while acute disease was best documented in humans and hamsters. While rats are considered the 'classic' reservoir hosts for serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (Bharti et al, 2003;Gaudie et al, 2008), and Copenhageni (Gomes-Solecki et al, 2017), it is cattle that are considered classic reservoirs of serovar Hardjo (Rajala et al, 2017;Loureiro and Lilenbaum, 2020), pigs (Srinivas et al, 2013; FIGURE 1 | Scanning electron micrograph of adhesion/invasion by Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (type kennewicki) to equine palpebral conjunctiva. Original magnification 10,000×.…”

Section: The Complicated Relationship Of Leptospira and Various Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Original magnification 10,000×. (Natarajaseenivasan et al, 2005;Ramirez-Ramirez et al, 2015) SP (Boey et al, 2019) SP (Campos et al, 2017) A (Ojeda et al, 2018;Loureiro and Lilenbaum, 2020) SP (Hamond et al, 2015;Simbizi et al, 2016) A (Hamond et al, 2015) R (Gay et al, 2014) SP (Lee et al, 2017) A (Mitchell et al, 1966) A (Adin and Cowgill, 2000;Greenlee et al, 2005) SP (Goldstein et al, 2006) A (Srinivas et al, 2013;Techawiwattanaboon et al, 2019) Tarassovi A (Maze et al, 2016) SP (Boey et al, 2019) SP (Campos et al, 2017) SP (Simbizi et al, 2016) SP (Lee et al, 2017) R SP (Barmettler et al, 2011) NE Hardjo A (Bolin and Koellner, 1988;Ezeh et al, 1991) R SP (Boey et al, 2019) R* (Ellis et al, 1981;Ellis et al, 1986;Rajala et al, 2017;Loureiro and Lilenbaum, 2020) SP (Campos et al, 2017;Nally et al, 2018a) A (Hamond et al, 2015) SP (Simbizi et al, 2016) SP (Hathaway et al, 1983;Lee et al, 2017) SP (Goldstein et al, 2006;Harland et al, 2013) A (Zuerner et a...…”

Section: The Complicated Relationship Of Leptospira and Various Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SP (Felt et al, 2011;Boey et al, 2019) SP (Campos et al, 2017) A (Chiebao et al, 2015;Loureiro and Lilenbaum, 2020) SP (Simbizi et al, 2016) SP (Lee et al, 2017) A (Greenlee et al, 2004) SP (Goldstein et al, 2006) A (Srinivas et al, 2013) Icterohae morrhagiae…”

Section: The Complicated Relationship Of Leptospira and Various Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of the multi-organ failure seen in other species with leptospirosis, infected bovine symptoms are predominantly reproductive. Bovine leptospirosis can result in embryonic death, premature birth, altered estrus cycles, abortions, or calves with a failure to thrive (Martins and Lilenbaum, 2017;Loureiro and Lilenbaum, 2020). Since these symptoms are difficult to identify and quantify, detection of disease continues to be a problem for beef and dairy farmers.…”

Section: Model Reservoir Hosts: the Cow And The Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, we prioritize research outputs from investigations addressing reservoir hosts of leptospirosis, and emphasize the need for broader utilization of the naturally occurring reservoir hosts in leptospirosis investigations. The term 'reservoir host' is used to describe individuals who can asymptomatically maintain, and shed Leptospira (Loureiro and Lilenbaum, 2020). For the sake of concision, this review will focus on the cow as an example of an important domestic livestock reservoir host and the rat as the primary and most critical example of a wild animal reservoir host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Investigating the Immunological and Biological Equilibrium of Reservoir Hosts and Pathogenic Leptospira: Balancing the Solution to an Acute Problem?

Putz

Nally

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Leptospirosis is a devastating zoonotic disease affecting people and animals across the globe. Pathogenic leptospires are excreted in urine of reservoir hosts which directly or indirectly leads to continued disease transmission, via contact with mucous membranes or a breach of the skin barrier of another host. Human fatalities approach 60,000 deaths per annum; though most vertebrates are susceptible to leptospirosis, complex interactions between host species and serovars of Leptospira can yield disease phenotypes that vary from asymptomatic shedding in reservoir hosts, to multiorgan failure in incidental hosts. Clinical symptoms of acute leptospirosis reflect the diverse range of pathogenic species and serovars that cause infection, the level of exposure, and the relationship of the pathogen with the given host. However, in all cases, pathogenic Leptospira are excreted into the environment via urine from reservoir hosts which are uniformly recognized as asymptomatic carriers. Therefore, the reservoir host serves as the cornerstone of persistent disease transmission. Although bacterin vaccines can be used to abate renal carriage and excretion in domestic animal species, there is an urgent need to advance our understanding of immune-mediated host-pathogen interactions that facilitate persistent asymptomatic carriage. This review summarizes the current understanding of host-pathogen interactions in the reservoir host and prioritizes research to unravel mechanisms that allow for colonization but not destruction of the host. This information is required to understand, and ultimately control, the transmission of pathogenic Leptospira.

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Section: The Complicated Relationship Of Leptospira and Various Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Complicated Relationship Of Leptospira and Various Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Complicated Relationship Of Leptospira and Various Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Reservoir Hosts: the Cow And The Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Investigating the Immunological and Biological Equilibrium of Reservoir Hosts and Pathogenic Leptospira: Balancing the Solution to an Acute Problem?

Putz

Nally

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Leptospira

Goarant¹,

Adler²,

Moctezuma³

2022

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals

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Characterization of leptospiral DNA in the follicular fluid of non‐pregnant cows

et al. 2021

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Background Bovine leptospirosis is mainly characterized by reproductive disorders. Contamination of the oocyte was previously demonstrated in vitro, resulting in some apparent damage. However, it is not clear whether it occurs under natural conditions. The present study aimed to characterize the presence of pathogenic Leptospira DNA in the ovarian follicles of non‐pregnant cows. Methods Follicular fluid samples were collected from 65 animals and subjected to lipL32 PCR and secY sequencing. Results In total, seven of 65 (10.8%) were positive, indicating a possible early infection of the oocyte. Moreover, secY sequencing identified L. interrogans and L. santarosai, both very closely related to bovine strains from the Sejroe serogroup (Hardjoprjitno and Guaricura). We demonstrated that ovarian follicles can also be infected. Conclusions It was hypothesised that ovarian infection can contribute to embryonic death, causing reproductive failure and estrus repetition. In the present study, we show that the organism identified in the follicle is closely related to one that is known to be associated with reproductive disorders.

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Genital bovine leptospirosis: A new look for an old disease

Cited by 95 publications

References 47 publications

Investigating the Immunological and Biological Equilibrium of Reservoir Hosts and Pathogenic Leptospira: Balancing the Solution to an Acute Problem?

Investigating the Immunological and Biological Equilibrium of Reservoir Hosts and Pathogenic Leptospira: Balancing the Solution to an Acute Problem?

Leptospira

Characterization of leptospiral DNA in the follicular fluid of non‐pregnant cows

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