Genetics and Intelligence: A Review

Erlenmeyer‐Kimling, L.; Jarvik, Lissy F.

doi:10.1126/science.142.3598.1477

Cited by 275 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This result contradicts previously published studies demonstrating parent-offspring resemblance on intelligence tests (Bouchard & McGue, 1981;Erlenmeyer-Kimling & Jarvik, 1963;Reed & Rich, 1982;van Leeuwen, van den Berg, & Boomsma, 2008). In these studies, moderate correlations (approximately .50) were measured.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Several studies have suggested that heritable intelligence can vary between 0.2 and 0.86. In other words, 20 to 86% of the phenotypic variance observed in measured cognitive abilities is attributed to genetic factors (Bouchard & McGue, 1981;Brouwer et al, 2014;Deary, Johnson, & Houlihan, 2009;Erlenmeyer-Kimling & Jarvik, 1963;Lynn & Hattori, 1990;Nisbett et al, 2012;Plomin & DeFries, 1980;Turkheimer, Haley, Waldron, D'Onofrio, & Gottesman, 2003). For instance, in a fundamental review that compared 111 studies worldwide, investigating familial IQ correlations (Bouchard & McGue, 1981), the authors suggested an association of .86 for monozygotic (MZ) twins raised together and .72 for monozygotic twins raised separately.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, parent-offspring correlations have been reported at approximately .50 (Bouchard & McGue, 1981;Caruso, 1983;Erlenmeyer-Kimling & Jarvik, 1963;McCall, 1970;Plomin & DeFries, 1980). While Bouchard and McGue (1981) found a correlation of .41 between father or mother and their offspring, a review consisting of 52 familial IQ correlation studies (Erlenmeyer-Kimling & Jarvik, 1963) indicated a median correlation of .50 for parent-child raised together.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Bouchard and McGue (1981) found a correlation of .41 between father or mother and their offspring, a review consisting of 52 familial IQ correlation studies (Erlenmeyer-Kimling & Jarvik, 1963) indicated a median correlation of .50 for parent-child raised together. Similarly, Caruso (1983) demonstrated an N-weighted mean correlation of 0.51 after re-analyzing data from 15 samples, referred to parent-offspring pairs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its positive association with success in education, profession, income and welfare (Deary, 2012), intelligence is considered the most important trait in psychology (Hunt, 2010). Heritability (h 2 ), in turn, has been considered one of the longest standing assumptions about the nature of human intelligence (Bouchard & McGue, 1981;Brouwer et al, 2014;Erlenmeyer-Kimling & Jarvik, 1963;Halsey, 1958;Hanscombe et al, 2012;Harden, Turkheimer, & Loehlin, 2007;Johnson & Bouchard, 2007;Plomin & DeFries, 1980;Scarr-Salapatek, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mothers-Offspring Resemblance in Intelligence and Its Relationship to Socioeconomic Status

Flores-Mendoza

Santiago²,

Andrade

et al. 2017

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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Abstract:Kinship studies have shown that most cognitive ability variances are attributable to genotypic variance. Additionally, kinship correlations are generally increased when tasks that are highly g loaded are considered, a result known as the "Jensen effect". Alternatively, some studies have suggested socioeconomic status as an important factor for explaining differences in cognition. The present study investigated these premises in a sample of 141 mothers (mean age = 36.6; SD = 6.0) and their offspring (53.2% girls; mean age = 11.0; SD = 2.1). The Standard Progressive Matrices of Raven (mothers and offspring) and six other cognitive measures (offspring only) were administered. The findings suggested evidence of g heritability (Jensen effect), which is consistent with published literature on intelligence. However, kinship correlation coefficients were lower (.041 to .177) when compared to other published findings. Finally, the difference between the mother's IQ score and that of her child was influenced by SES and mother's education level.Keywords: genetic, intelligence, family study, socioeconomic status, educational status Semelhança Entre Mães e Filhos em Inteligência e sua Relação com o Nível SocioeconômicoResumo: Estudos familiares demonstram que grande parte da variância das habilidades cognitivas é atribuída à variância genotípica. Além disso, correlações de parentesco possuem, geralmente, maiores valores quando as tarefas são altamente carregadas de g, fenômeno conhecido como "efeito Jensen". No entanto, em outra linha de investigação, estudos sugerem que o nível socioeconômico é um fator importante para explicar as diferenças cognitivas. O presente estudo investigou essas premissas em uma amostra de 141 mães (idade media = 36,6; DP = 6,0) e seus filhos (53,2% meninas;idade média = 11,0; DP = 2,1). Administrou-se as Matrizes Progressivas de Raven (em mães e filhos) e seis outras medidas cognitivas (nos filhos). Os resultados sugeriram uma evidência de herdabilidade em g (efeito Jensen). No entanto, os coeficientes de correlações familiares foram menores (0,041 a 0,177) a outros comumemente publicados. Por outro lado, a diferença entre os scores de QI das mães e de seus filhos foi influenciada pelo nível socioeconômico (NSE) e pelo nível de escolaridade da mãe. No geral, advoga-se por uma interação gene x ambiente das diferenças de habilidades cognitivas dependente do contexto socio-econômico. Palavras-chave: genética, inteligência, estudo de família, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade Semejanza Entre Madres e Hijos e su Relacion con el Nivel SocioeconómicoResumen: Los estudios familiares han mostrado que gran parte de la varianza de las habilidades cognitivas es dada por la varianza genotípica. Además, las correlaciones de parentesco generalmente tienen mayor valor cuando las tareas demandan alto g, fenómeno conocido como "efecto Jensen". Sin embargo, considerando otra línea de investigación, los estudios sugieren que el nivel socioeconómico es un factor importante para explicar las diferencias cogni...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mothers-Offspring Resemblance in Intelligence and Its Relationship to Socioeconomic Status

Flores-Mendoza

Santiago²,

Andrade

et al. 2017

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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Intellectual Development in Shunted Hydrocephalic Children

Raimondi¹,

Soare²

1974

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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The intelligence of 200 shunted hydrocephalic children was studied prospectively.The following diagnostic categories were used: (1) simple internal hydrocephalus; (2) internal hydrocephalus in the child with meningomyelocele; (3) internal hydrocephalus associated with porencephaly; (4) external hydrocephalus; (5) the Dandy\ x=req-\ Walker cyst.The group with meningomyelocele was brightest and the group with porencephaly the dullest; whites scored higher than blacks.The following groups were found to be of normal intelligence: white patients with internal hydrocephalusand with meningomyelocele, and black patients with meningomyelocele and with external hydrocephalus. Intelligence quotient was found to be unrelated either to number of shunt revisions or severity of hydrocephalus prior to initial surgery, but was related to age at initial shunt placement and shunt function. Children with internal hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus with meningomyelocele whose shunts were kept functioning were found to be of normal intelligence. Many studies have been pub¬ lished concerning the intelli¬ gence of hydrocéphalie children. These studies have included those evaluating shunted hydrocéphalies and those evaluating nonoperatively treated hydrocéphalies. Most studies have been purely descriptive; only a few have compared treated and nontreated groups. Though cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has long been shunted from ventricu¬ lar or lumbar subarachnoid spaces in other body cavities, it was not until 195 that valves were used to regu¬ late the flow of CSF from the central nervous system. Since that time, shunting procedures of one sort or an¬ other have represented the main form of treatment for congenital hydro¬ cephalus.In essence, the purpose of the shunt is to direct the CSF from either the ventricular system or the lumbar subarachnoid space into another body cavity from whence it may be ab¬ sorbed. This results in less pressure, volume, and flow of CSF through the distending ventricular system. If the shunt is effective, the ventricles be¬ come either normotensive or hypotensive and diminish in size. At times they actually become smaller than normal. The shunted hydrocéphalie child becomes "shunt dependent," that is, intolerant of an obstructed shunting system.It is the purpose of this paper to give a critical analysis of those publi¬ cations discussing intellectual func¬ tion in shunted and untreated hydrocephalic children, and to present the results of our research on the intellec¬ tual development of shunted hydrocephalic children. Review of Literature and Statement of Clinical HypothesesIt is impossible to evaluate the lit¬ erature regarding intellectual func¬ tion in children with treated and untreated congenital hydrocephalus unless one knows the exact criteria on which the diagnosis of this congenital disease was based. Progressive in¬ crease in head size, bulging fontanel, split sutures, transillumination, posi¬ tive Macewen sign, "setting sun" phenomenon, shiny scalp, and dis¬ tended scalp veins, are all indicative of an in...

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