Genetic variation in CYP2A6 predicts neural reactivity to smoking cues as measured using fMRI

Tang, Deborah; Hello, Brian; Mroziewicz, Margaret; Fellows, Lesley K.; Tyndale, Rachel F.; Dagher, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.119

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Compared to slow metabolizers, normal metabolizers exhibit greater smoking cue-induced activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, left caudate, right insula, and cingulate cortex during satiety (Tang et al, 2012), but greater smoking cue-induced activation in the left caudate, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left frontal pole during abstinence (Falcone et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Smokers: Impact of Nicotine Metabolism on Nicotine Dose Effects

Faulkner

Ghahremani

Tyndale

et al. 2017

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The use of cigarettes delivering different nicotine doses allows evaluation of the contribution of nicotine to the smoking experience. We compared responses of 46 young adult smokers to research cigarettes, delivering 0.027, 0.110, 0.231, or 0.763 mg nicotine, and conventional cigarettes. On five separate days, craving, withdrawal, affect, and sustained attention were measured after overnight abstinence and again after smoking. Participants also rated each cigarette, and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) was used to identify participants as normal or slow metabolizers. All cigarettes equally alleviated craving, withdrawal, and negative affect in the whole sample, but normal metabolizers reported greater reductions of craving and withdrawal than slow metabolizers, with dose-dependent effects. Only conventional cigarettes and, to a lesser degree, 0.763-mg nicotine research cigarettes increased sustained attention. Finally, there were no differences between ratings of lower-dose cigarettes, but the 0.763-mg cigarettes and (even more so) conventional cigarettes were rated more favorably than lower-dose cigarettes. The findings indicate that smoking-induced relief of craving and withdrawal reflects primarily non-nicotine effects in slow metabolizers, but depends on nicotine dose in normal metabolizers. By contrast, relief of withdrawal-related attentional deficits and cigarette ratings depend on nicotine dose regardless of metabolizer status. These findings have bearing on the use of reduced-nicotine cigarettes to facilitate smoking cessation and on policy regarding regulation of nicotine content in cigarettes. They suggest that normal and slow nicotine metabolizers would respond differently to nicotine reduction in cigarettes, but that irrespective of metabolizer status, reductions to o0.763 mg/cigarette may contribute to temporary attentional deficits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Smokers: Impact of Nicotine Metabolism on Nicotine Dose Effects

Faulkner

Ghahremani

Tyndale

et al. 2017

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…PET and MRI imaging techniques can be used to measure the effects of nicotine reduction on cerebral blood flow (Rose et al, 2003), activation in specific regions of the brain in response to tasks that assess cognition, craving, or mood states (Azizian, Monterosso, O'Neill, & London, 2009;Brody et al, 2002;Ernst et al, 2001;Tang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2007), and brain connectivity (e.g., greater connectivity of the insula in nonsmokers vs. smokers; Ghahremani et al, 2011). However, research linking these brain effects to clinical features of nicotine addiction or reinforcement is needed.…”

Section: Human Testing: Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Reduction: Strategic Research Plan

Hatsukami¹,

Benowitz²,

Donny³

et al. 2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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background: Reducing nicotine content in cigarettes and other combustible products to levels that are not reinforcing or addictive has the potential to substantially reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. The authority to reduce nicotine levels as a regulatory measure is provided in the U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and is consistent with the general regulatory powers envisioned under the relevant articles of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Many experts have considered reducing nicotine in cigarettes to be a feasible national policy approach, but more research is necessary.

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“…This gene is highly polymorphic, specially in the regulatory regions, and the potential role of its variants in smoking behavior is a subject of continuous attention (Bloom et al 2011, Verde et al 2011, Tang et al 2012, Zhu et al 2013. The *1A allele is usually considered the wild type, corresponding to normal enzymatic activity (Malaiyandi et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ethnic ancestry play a role in smoking?

Souza

Araújo

Alencar

et al. 2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The higher proportion of smokers among Black people in Brazil has been attributed to socioeconomic disparities, but genetic factors could also contribute for this finding. This study aimed at investigating associations between smoking status with genetically defined ethnic ancestry and socioeconomic features in Brazilians. Blood samples were collected from 448 volunteers (66.7% male; age: 37.1±11.4 years) classified as current smokers (CS: 60.9%), former smokers (FS: 8.9%) and never smokers (NS: 30.1%). Individual interethnic admixtures were determined using a 48 insertion-deletion polymorphisms ancestryinformative-marker panel. CS showed a lower amount of European ancestry than NS (0.837±0.243 X 0.883±0.194, p≤0.05) and FS (0.837±0.243 X 0.864±0.230, p≤0.05), and a higher proportion of African Sub-Saharan ancestry than FS (0.128±0.222 X 0.07±0.174, p≤0.05) and NS (0.128±0.222 X 0.085±0.178, p≤0.05). NS reported a higher number of years in school than CS (11.2±3.7 X 8.9±3.8, p≤0.001). CS were less common in economic Class A (30%) and more common in Class B (56.8%). In multivariate analysis, only lower number of school years and lower economic class were associated with higher chances for CS. The use of genetic molecular markers for characterizing ethnic background confirmed that socioeconomic disparities are the main determinants of higher smoking rates among Blacks in Brazil.

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Genetic variation in CYP2A6 predicts neural reactivity to smoking cues as measured using fMRI

Cited by 47 publications

References 66 publications

Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Smokers: Impact of Nicotine Metabolism on Nicotine Dose Effects

Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Smokers: Impact of Nicotine Metabolism on Nicotine Dose Effects

Nicotine Reduction: Strategic Research Plan

Does ethnic ancestry play a role in smoking?

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