Genetic Structure and Conservation of Teak (Tectona Grandis) Plantations in Côte d'Ivoire, Revealed by Site Specific Recombinase (SSR)

Abstract

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f; Verbenaceae) is a diploid species (2n=36). It is native to the tropical deciduous forests of India, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. Snuffed for its aesthetic physical properties and its qualities, teak is becoming increasingly important in the forest plantation development in Côte d'Ivoire. To preserve the genetic resources of this species and ensure the supply of genetically superior quality germplasm for improvement and plantations, a core collection of superior genotypes with large genetic diversity is a prerequisite. This paper reports the use of site-specific recombinase (SSR) technology using microsatellite DNA markers to investigate the level of genetic variability, distribution of genetic variation and genetic relatedness in Tectona grandis grown in Côte d'Ivoire. The proportion of the total genetic variation resides within provenances (80.52 %) with 5.5 % of the variation occurring among populations of one region and 13.98 % among regions. The SSR markers showed a clear differentiation of the populations introduced in Côte d'Ivoire with an Fst = 0.21. The populations coming from the natural area were characterized by three clusters corresponding to South India, North India and Thailand. The study on the origin of African teak was close to North of India. However, Bambuku 7 population was an exception, as it seemed to have some affinity with Thailand populations. The use of SSR markers for conservation of teak forest diversity is discussed.

Genetic variation and origin of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) native and introduced provenances

“…The mean H z of India, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos provenances were 0.7113, 0.5988, 0.5970 and 0.5708, respectively, suggesting India provenances have highest variation and should be managed as the diversity center of teak. The results were consistent with former reports (SHRESTHA et al, 2005;FOFANA et al, 2009FOFANA et al, , 2008NICODEMUS et al, 2003;HANSEN et al, 2015). The H o (0.597) of three Myanmar provenances in this study was little higher than MINN et al (2014, 0.564) but lower than HANSEN et al (2015, 0.700) analyzed Myanmar provenances by SSR.…”

“…21 was higher in genetic variation than many native provenances. The similar result attained in KJAER et al (1996) andFOFANA et al (2008) reports which analyzing introduced teak provenances. MINN et al (2014) result also shows that all genetic diversity estimates of teak from Benin (A = 7.9, H E = 0.643, H O = 0.642) were higher than those in Myanmar (A = 6.8, H E = 0.586, H O = 0.564).…”

“…Microsatellite markers are excellent for genetic characterization of plant material due to co-dominant, multi-allelic, reproducible and highly polymorphic nature as well as abundant distribution within the genome (POWELL et al, 1996;VARSHNEY et al, 2005). In previous reports with teak, the microsatellite teak bank (VERHAEGEN et al, 2005) and a database containing SSR markers for teak in its natural range have been reported (FOFANA et al, 2009), SSR markers have been used in teak for a variety of purposes, including the evaluation of genetic diversity (FOFANA et al, 2009(FOFANA et al, , 2008 and origin identification (VERHAEGEN et al, 2010).…”

Genetic resources of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)—strong genetic structure among natural populations

“…Keogh (1981) made a valuable effort to document introduction to Central America, while Wood (1967) looked into the origin of East African landraces. Genetic approaches have also been tested: Kjaer and Siegismund (1996) used allozyme markers to study landraces from Tanzania and Nicaragua, Fofana et al (2008) studied the likely origin of West African landraces based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on trees sampled in African provenance trials and Verhaegen et al (2010) used the same markers to decide from where the teak growing in Africa and Indonesia has been introduced. Additional studies primarily focused on the genetic diversity of populations within the native range have been conducted using genetic markers (Kertadikara and Prat 1995b;Changtragoon and Szmidt 2000;Changtragoon 2001;Nicodemus et al 2005;Shrestha et al 2005;Fofana et al 2009;Sreekanth et al 2012).…”

Characterization of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in Tectona grandis

“…Despite the forestry and economic importance of T. grandis around the world, it is very poorly characterized, with only 134 gene sequences deposited in Genebank (access 30/10/2014), most of them being alleles used for molecular markers (GANGOPADHYAY et al, 2003;SHRESTHA;VOLKAERT;STRAETEN, 2005;VERHAEGEN et al, 2005;FOFANA et al, 2008FOFANA et al, , 2009ALCÂNTARA;VEASEY, 2013;LYNGDOH et al, 2013).…”