Genetic predisposition in type 2 diabetes: A promising approach toward a personalized management of diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, also known simply as diabetes, has been described as a chronic and complex endocrine metabolic disorder that is a leading cause of death across the globe. It is considered a key public health problem worldwide and one of four important non-communicable diseases prioritized for intervention through world health campaigns by various international foundations. Among its four categories, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the commonest form of diabetes accounting for over 90% of worldwide cases. Unlike monogenic inherited disorders that are passed on in a simple pattern, T2D is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology, where a mixture of genetic and environmental factors are strong candidates for the development of the clinical condition and pathology. The genetic factors are believed to be key predisposing determinants in individual susceptibility to T2D. Therefore, identifying the predisposing genetic variants could be a crucial step in T2D management as it may ameliorate the clinical condition and preclude complications. Through an understanding the unique genetic and environmental factors that influence the development of this chronic disease individuals can benefit from personalized approaches to treatment. We searched the literature published in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science for the current status of T2D and its associated genetic risk variants and discus promising approaches toward a personalized management of this chronic, non-communicable disorder.

Comparison of Preoperative Remission Scores and Diabetes Duration Alone as Predictors of Durable Type 2 Diabetes Remission and Risk of Diabetes Complications After Bariatric Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of Participants From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study

“…In combination with our results showing that none of the scores tested nor diabetes duration alone can be used to correctly identify those who will achieve durable remission, these results suggest that preoperative prediction models need to be improved before being used for overall prediction of long-term diabetes outcomes. The etiology of type 2 diabetes is complex, and factors such as genetic predisposition to reduced insulin secretion or impaired b-cell function, control systems for maintaining energy balance, or psychological or behavioral characteristics may need to be considered in future prediction models to improve clinical utility (36)(37)(38). It is possible that an extended approach that includes such factors could identify patients with a low chance of remission, enabling targeted intensified postoperative management to optimize postsurgery weight reduction and long-term glycemic control.…”

Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Implications for Clinical Practice

“…Precision DM medicine promises to be useful in customized therapy for those suffering from different types of diabetes, such as T2DM. 127 T2DM is a polygenic condition, and the clinical phenotype reflects both genetic and environmental effects, making it far more challenging to define subgroups using molecular testing. 128 One strategy for precision medicine in T2DM is to divide patients into subgroups based on treatment response and then examine the biological underpinnings of each subgroup utilizing next-generation sequencing platforms and gene arrays.…”

CTNNA3 genetic polymorphism may be a new genetic signal of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population: a case control study

“…T2D and its complications have reached the level of an epidemic, which has attracted great attention in the field of scientific research [ 1 ]. A number of studies have confirmed that T2D is a complex disease affected by multiple factors and is the result of the interaction between genes and the environment [ 1 – 4 ]. Evidence from genetic epidemiology indicates that the occurrence of type 2 diabetes has a strong genetic basis [ 5 – 8 ].…”