Genetic Population Structure of Wild Pigs in Southern Texas

Delgado-Acevedo, Johanna; Zamorano, Angeline; DeYoung, Randy W.; Campbell, Tyler A.

doi:10.3390/ani11010168

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the absence of welldefined genetic structure, it is possible that individuals are moved hundreds of kilometers and yet are still sampled within the spatial extent of the same broad cluster. A recent study restricted to wild pigs in southern Texas revealed similar patterns of highly admixed populations, which was attributed to multiple introductions and anthropogenic movement (Delgado-Acevedo et al 2021). Our preliminary isolation by distance analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…These vast areas of admixed and spatially dispersed clusters create additional challenges. For example, the control of a foreign animal disease upon introduction in a weakly resolved, spatially dispersed genetic cluster would necessitate the coordination of management action across an extensive area (Brown et al 2020, Delgado-Acevedo et al 2021. With genetic patterns demonstrating high rates of connectivity throughout and among these spatially dispersed clusters, policies are needed to limit anthropogenic movement and remove economic incentives that encourage the translocation and release of wild pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rooting Out Genetic Structure of Invasive Wild Pigs in Texas

et al. 2021

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Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), also called feral swine or wild hogs, are recognized as among the most destructive invasive species in the world. Throughout the United States, invasive wild pigs have expanded rapidly over the past 40 years with populations now established in 38 states. Of the estimated 6.9 million wild pigs distributed throughout the United States, Texas supports approximately 40% of the population and similarly bears disproportionate ecological and economic costs. Genetic analyses are an effective tool for understanding invasion pathways and tracking dispersal of invasive species such as wild pigs and have been used recently in California and Florida, USA, which have similarly long-established populations and high densities of wild pigs. Our goals were to use molecular approaches to elucidate invasion and migration processes shaping wild pig populations throughout Texas, compare our results with patterns of genetic structure observed in California and Florida, and provide insights for effective management of this invasive species. We used a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to evaluate population genetic structure. Genetic clusters of wild pigs throughout Texas demonstrate 2 distinct patterns: weakly resolved, spatially dispersed clusters and well-resolved, spatially localized clusters. The disparity in patterns of genetic structure suggests disparate processes are differentially shaping wild pig populations in various localities throughout the state. Our results differed from the patterns of genetic structure observed in California and Florida, which were characterized by localized genetic clusters. These differences suggest distinct biological and perhaps anthropogenic processes are shaping genetic structure in Texas. Further, these disparities demonstrate the need for location-specific management strategies for controlling wild pig populations and mitigating associated ecological and economic costs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rooting Out Genetic Structure of Invasive Wild Pigs in Texas

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, a set of microsatellite markers was developed for swine biodiversity applications (Committee 2004). The usefulness of these microsatellite markers has been veri ed by numerous population genetic studies of wild boars (Costa et al 2012;Choi et al 2014;Delgado-Acevedo et al 2021). Dispersal distance estimation with kinship analysis using polymorphic markers has been reported previously for several species (Cayuela et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Population Genetic Structure of Wild Boar And Dispersal Performance Based On Kinship Analysis In The Northern Region of South Korea

Han

Park

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the most challenging mammalian species to manage in the wild because of its high reproductive rate, population density, and lack of predators in much of its range. A recent outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) and the transmission into domestic pigs in commercial farms empower the necessity of establishing management strategies of the wild boar population in the northern region of South Korea. A population genetic study, including the dispersal distance estimation of wild boars, is required to prepare fine-scale population management strategies in the region. In this study, both population structure analysis and dispersal distance estimation based on kinship were conducted using 13 microsatellite markers. The results revealed a high level of genetic diversity compared to a previous study. The population was not structured obviously, but there was a slight level of genetic differentiation between groups mainly formed by isolation by distance rather than mountain ridges. The dispersal distance estimation of Korean wild boars based on kinship analysis showed a philopatric pattern in females. However, extensive dispersal ability in both sexes was observed with a considerable proportion. The population genetic status and dispersal traits of wild boars may provide valuable data for planning detailed ASF and wild boar population management strategies in South Korea.

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“…On the other hand, population structure studies can inform management decisions to control the damage caused by feral and wild pigs (Delgado-Acevedo et al, 2021;Hampton et al, 2004). In this study, we explored the genetic diversity and population structure of the PhNP to inform conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, genetic diversity and structure analysis of the Iberoamerican livestock breeds justified the recognition of the Creoles breed of livestock and therefore subsequent conservation programs (Gama et al., 2020 ). On the other hand, population structure studies can inform management decisions to control the damage caused by feral and wild pigs (Delgado‐Acevedo et al., 2021 ; Hampton et al., 2004 ). In this study, we explored the genetic diversity and population structure of the PhNP to inform conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Philippine native pigs highlight five priority populations for conservation

Banayo,

Manese,

Furusho

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The Philippine native pig (PhNP) is a unique genetic resource composed of multiple domesticated Sus scrofa lineages and interspecific hybrids. No prior study has determined the population structure and genetic diversity of PhNPs on multiple islands and provinces, which is essential for establishing conservation priorities. In this study, we explore the population structure and genetic diversity of various PhNP populations in Luzon and the Visayas, Philippines, to identify conservation priorities. We analyzed seven PhNP populations (n = 20–27 samples each; Benguet [B], Kalinga [K], Nueva Vizcaya [N], Isabela [I], Quezon [Q], Marinduque [M], and Samar [S]) and four transboundary breeds present in the Philippines (n = 9–11 samples each; Duroc, Large White, Landrace, and Berkshire). The pigs were compared against a panel of 20 microsatellite markers recommended by the ISAG–FAO. We tested for population structure at the island, region, and province levels. Strong genetic differentiation between native and transboundary breeds was confirmed by Bayesian clustering (k = 2) and Nei's DA genetic distance (100% bootstrap support for the PhNP cluster). PhNP exhibited high heterozygosity (Ho: 0.737), a high allele count (Na: 7.771), and a low inbreeding coefficient (Fis: −0.040–0.125). Bayesian clustering supported genetic differentiation at the island (k = 2; North Luzon and South Luzon‐Visayas cluster), region (k = 3), and population (k = 8) levels. The pairwise F'st between PhNP populations ranged from 0.084 (N and I) to 0.397 (Q and K), confirming that some PhNP populations exhibited sufficient genetic distance to be considered separate populations. This study shows that native pigs from B, K, I, Q, M, and S are unique genetic units for conservation. Furthermore, the small effective population sizes of B, I, Q, M, and S (Ne: 3.9, 19.1, 14.2, 44.7, and 22.5, respectively) necessitate immediate conservation actions, such as incentivizing PhNP farming.

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Genetic Population Structure of Wild Pigs in Southern Texas

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

Rooting Out Genetic Structure of Invasive Wild Pigs in Texas

Rooting Out Genetic Structure of Invasive Wild Pigs in Texas

Population Genetic Structure of Wild Boar And Dispersal Performance Based On Kinship Analysis In The Northern Region of South Korea

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Philippine native pigs highlight five priority populations for conservation

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