“…Some investigators have studied relationships between the number of alleles and loci to estimate population differentiation or stock identification, but such relationships mostly remained inconclusive (e.g., Bernatchez and Duchesne 2000;Kalinowiski 2004;Beacham et al 2005). In the present study, pairwise population F ST estimates and AMOVAs using three msDNA loci suggested distinct genetic differentiation among Japan, Russia, and North America after, although the divergence was lower than that previously estimated by mtDNA variation (Sato et al 2004). Using the same msDNA data set, the simulation studies for regional contributions indicated substantial accuracy of stock assignment to Japan, Russia, and North America, although such accuracy was relatively low for Russia (Table 4).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 62%
“…Although genetic stock identification (GSI) using allozyme analysis has become an important part of many salmonid management programs (Wilmot et al 1998), the use of protein markers has subsided due to the relatively complicated sampling procedures. Thus, high throughput and improved resolution have been expected via DNA markers, including restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of mitochondrial (mt) DNA (Park et al 1993), minisatellite DNA (Taylor et al 1994), nucleotide sequence variation of mtDNA (Sato et al 2004), and microsatellite (ms) DNA (Scribner et al 1996).…”
Variation at the three microsatellite (ms) DNA loci in chum salmon was applied to estimate preliminarily the stock composition using a conditional maximum likelihood method in more than 700 fish collected from 14 stations in the Bering Sea and adjacent North Pacific Ocean during September 2003. Regional stock assignment accuracy with these msDNA markers was nearly the same as the previous estimation with mitochondrial (mt) DNA for the Japanese and North American stocks, but decreased for Russian stocks. The temporal stock estimation with msDNA gave a nonrandom distribution pattern of chum stocks, in that the Japanese and Russian stocks increased in the western to central Bering Sea, and the North American stocks were abundant in the eastern Bering Sea and near the Aleutian Islands. However, predominance of the North American stocks in nearly all of the surveyed area was different from the previous mtDNA estimation.
“…Some investigators have studied relationships between the number of alleles and loci to estimate population differentiation or stock identification, but such relationships mostly remained inconclusive (e.g., Bernatchez and Duchesne 2000;Kalinowiski 2004;Beacham et al 2005). In the present study, pairwise population F ST estimates and AMOVAs using three msDNA loci suggested distinct genetic differentiation among Japan, Russia, and North America after, although the divergence was lower than that previously estimated by mtDNA variation (Sato et al 2004). Using the same msDNA data set, the simulation studies for regional contributions indicated substantial accuracy of stock assignment to Japan, Russia, and North America, although such accuracy was relatively low for Russia (Table 4).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 62%
“…Although genetic stock identification (GSI) using allozyme analysis has become an important part of many salmonid management programs (Wilmot et al 1998), the use of protein markers has subsided due to the relatively complicated sampling procedures. Thus, high throughput and improved resolution have been expected via DNA markers, including restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of mitochondrial (mt) DNA (Park et al 1993), minisatellite DNA (Taylor et al 1994), nucleotide sequence variation of mtDNA (Sato et al 2004), and microsatellite (ms) DNA (Scribner et al 1996).…”
Variation at the three microsatellite (ms) DNA loci in chum salmon was applied to estimate preliminarily the stock composition using a conditional maximum likelihood method in more than 700 fish collected from 14 stations in the Bering Sea and adjacent North Pacific Ocean during September 2003. Regional stock assignment accuracy with these msDNA markers was nearly the same as the previous estimation with mitochondrial (mt) DNA for the Japanese and North American stocks, but decreased for Russian stocks. The temporal stock estimation with msDNA gave a nonrandom distribution pattern of chum stocks, in that the Japanese and Russian stocks increased in the western to central Bering Sea, and the North American stocks were abundant in the eastern Bering Sea and near the Aleutian Islands. However, predominance of the North American stocks in nearly all of the surveyed area was different from the previous mtDNA estimation.
“…Mitochondrial DNA has been widely used to identify both population structure and genetic variability because of its rapid evolutionary rate and almost complete maternal inheritance (Wilson et al 1985;Alvarado Bremer et al 1996;Nyakaana et al 2002;Sato et al 2004). Within mtDNA, the non-coding control region has been shown to evolve five times faster than coding regions, and often has higher variability (Moritz et al 1987;Meyer 1993).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the control region has been recommended for assessing intraspecific genetic variation (Moritz et al 1987;Meyer 1993). Nowadays, analysis of the mtDNA control region is the frequently used method to resolve genetic differentiation, population structure, and intraspecific phylogenesis in fish (Brown et al 1993;Stepien and Faber 1998;Nugroho et al 2001;Grunwald et al 2002;Guarniero et al 2002;Sato et al 2004). …”
Wild populationsof Prenant's schizothoracin, Schizothorax prenanti, were collected from the Qingyi, Dadu, and Muli rivers in upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Genetic variation and population structure were examined based on analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Nucleotide sequence analysis defined 30 haplotypes in 41 individuals. The nucleotide and haplotype diversities were very high, and genetic distances between the Dadu and Qingyi populations were much smaller than between either of them and the Muli population. The analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that most variation occurred within samples, and the differentiation between Muli and Dadu or Qingyi was significant. Estimates of gene flow indicated reproductive isolation between Muli and the other populations, and this divergence might be related to geographical location. The results are mostly consistent with the findings from AFLP analysis and also suggested considerable genetic diversity of the populations in the Muli, Dadu, and Qingyi rivers.
“…To date, few studies on chum salmon have been carried out in China (Dong & Li 1989, Dong & Zhang 1993, Dong & Wang 1999, Han et al 2002, and the genetic variation of chum salmon populations in China have not been evaluated to manage and restore their populations. Although molecular markers have been applied previously to study genetic structure in chum salmon (Park et al 1993, Brykov et al 2000, Efremov 2001, Olsen et al 2004, Sato et al 2004), microsatellite markers offer an opportunity to assess this more reliably. These highly polymorphic loci are widely considered to be the most useful markers for a wide range of molecular genetic studies such as establishing population structure (Nelson et al 2001), population differentiation and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among populations (Kim et al 2002, Ball & Chapman 2003.…”
SynopsisTo assess the genetic variation and population structure of wild chum salmon in China, we analyzed microsatellite loci for populations in the Amur, Wusuli, Suifen Current and the Tumen rivers. We evaluated expected heterozygosity with two estimators of genetic differentiation (F ST and G ST ) and Nei's standard genetic distance. The average expected heterozygosity across the 10 loci was 0.65 in the Wusuli River and the Suifen Current River, 0.64 in the Amur River and 0.66 in the Tumen River, The results of this study show that the recent declines in chum salmon have not led to low levels of genetic variability in China. The proportion of inter-population subdivision among chum salmon was between 5.7 and 6.8%. According to the estimator used, the NJ tree based on Nei's standard genetic distance indicated that there were two different branches (the Sea of Okhotsk branch and the Sea of Japan branch), the Amur River and the Wusuli River populations were closer, while the Suifen Current River and the Tumen River clustered together. The genetic test for population bottlenecks provided no evidence for a significant genetic signature of population decline, which is consistent with the record of the four populations we have in the last few years.
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