Genetic Improvement in Yield of Soybeans<sup>1</sup>

Luedders, V. D.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183x001700060040x

Cited by 62 publications

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“…All cultivars were grown together at a fixed time and space; therefore, the exhibited increase over release year represented the amount of genetic improvement obtained through breeding, adopted agronomic practices, and increased atmospheric CO 2 (Luedders, 1977;Specht and Williams, 1984;Ustun et al, 2001;Voldeng et al, 1997;Wilcox et al, 1979 (Table 2) likely supplied sufficient N in addition to BNF to meet the requirements of the unfertilized MG II cultivars in comparison to fertilized cultivars.…”

Section: Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of genetic improvement on yield gains can be measured by growing cultivars released over time together in yield tests. Cultivars from approximately the 1920s to the 1970s annually increased yield 9.3 kg ha -1 within maturity groups (MGs) 000 to 0 (Voldeng et al, 1997), 12.5 kg ha -1 within MGs 00 to IV (Specht and Williams, 1984), 16.1 kg ha -1 within MGs I to IV (Luedders, 1977), 14 kg ha…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Improved pest resistance (Heatherly and Elmore, 2004;Johnson, 1987), decreased pod shattering (Heatherly and Elmore, 2004;Johnson, 1987;Specht et al, 1999), and decreased lodging (Luedders, 1977;Ustun et al, 2001;Voldeng et al, 1997) are a few specific genetic improvements to soybean and likely contributed to yield increases. Agronomic technique, technology, and practices have also contributed to soybean yield gain such as earlier planting dates, narrower row spacing (Heatherly and Elmore, 2004;Johnson, 1987;Specht et al, 1999), higher seeding rates (Heatherly and Elmore, 2004;Johnson, 1987), and improved weed control (Heatherly and Elmore, 2004;Johnson, 1987;Pike et al, 1991;Specht et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Gain × Management Interactions in Soybean: II. Nitrogen Utilization

et al. 2014

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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield has annually increased nearly 23 kg ha−1, but the interaction of genetic advancement and improved agronomic practices has not been well quantified, including N utilization and fertilization. A field study with soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 2008 in maturity group (MG) II and MG III was conducted in multiple environments with a nonlimiting supply of fertilizer N to examine the main effects and interactions of N supply and release year on grain yield and seed quality. We hypothesized that grain yield and seed quality would be improved with the nonlimiting supply of N, especially for the modern cultivars. Supplemental N totaled 560 kg N ha−1 with 40% applied at planting and 60% applied at V5. Grain yield increased with release year in MG II (17.2 kg ha−1 yr−1). Application of N to MG II cultivars increased seed protein by 10 to 19.5 g kg−1 across all release years, but grain yield and seed oil was not affected. Grain yield gains of MG III cultivars fertilized with N was 27.4 kg ha−1 yr−1, which was 20% better than unfertilized (22.8 kg ha−1 yr−1). Application of N to MG III cultivars increased seed mass (11%) across release years with no changes in seed protein and oil. The nonlimiting supply of N increased seed protein across all release years in MG II cultivars, and the N supply from the soil and biological N fixation was insufficient to maximize grain yield in modern, MG III cultivars in the tested environments.

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Section: Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Gain × Management Interactions in Soybean: II. Nitrogen Utilization

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“…The cause of the yield increase can be attributed to multiple factors including improved cultural practices and technologies, allocation of better land for culture, and improved genetic potential for cultivars. The yield increase that can be credited to genetic gain was estimated to be 16.1 kg ha" 1 yr" 1 based on replicated trials by Luedders (1977) of landmark cultivars released from 1920 to 1970 (Specht and Williams, 1984). Specht and Williams (1984) reported a yield increase for soybean of about 21 kg ha" 1 yr" 1 from 1924 to 1980.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The breeding strategy most often used for yield improvement since that time has been to develop a segregating F% population from the cross of two elite lines with divergent pedigrees, self-pollinate desirable individuals, and derive homogenous lines consisting of homozygous plants (Fehr, 1987b). This strategy has proved effective, but gains have come at the expense of genetic variability (Luedders, 1977;Boerma, 1979;Wilcox et al, 1979;St. Martin, 1982;Delannay et al, 1983;Specht and Williams, 1984;Gizlice et al, 1993;Gizlice et al, 1994;Sneller, 1994;Kisha et al, 1998;Specht et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Trait Loci for Soybean Seed Yield in Elite and Plant Introduction Germplasm

et al. 2004

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Genetic improvement for yield in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] has beenaccomplished by breeding within a narrow elite gene pool. Plant introductions (Pis) may be useful for obtaining additional increases in yield if unique and desirable alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be identified. The objectives of the study were to identify QTL for yield in elite and PI germplasm and to determine if the Pis possessed favorable alleles for yield.Allele frequencies were measured with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in three populations that differed in their percentage of PI parentage. AP10 had 40 PI parents, API 2 had 40 PI and 40 elite parents, and API 4 had 40 elite parents. Four cycles of recurrent selection for yield had been conducted in the three populations. Nei's genetic distance indicated that AP10, AP12, and AP14 remained distinct through cycle 4 (C4), but that the genetic diversity narrowed within each population. Less gametic phase disequilibrium (GPD) was observed in the parents used to form the cycle 0 (CO) populations than in C4 of AP12 and AP14. Allele frequencies of the highest-yielding C4 lines in the three populations were compared with the parents used to form the populations of the initial cycles. Allele flow was simulated to account for genetic drift. Ninety-two SSRs were associated with 56 yield QTL. Nine of the QTL had been identified in previous research. Thirty-three favorable marker alleles were unique to the PI parents. The restriction of alleles from the 40 CO parents to the 20 cycle 1 (CI) parents of AP10 was reflected in the number of alleles that had frequency changes and could explain the reduced genetic variance for yield in the C4 of AP10. Genetic asymmetry may account for the different genetic gain for yield that had been observed between AP10 and AP14.

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Yield improvement and yield components: A comparison of corn and soybean

Egli

2023

Crop Science

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Understanding how crop plants changed to accommodate historical yield improvement contributes to a fuller understanding of the response of the crop to management practices. Data sets of yield and plant population from field experiments for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were compiled from the literature to evaluate changes in yield and yield components. Most of the data came from management studies and, when there were differences among treatments, the highest‐yielding treatment was used. Yield plant−1 was calculated from yield and plant population. The data sets included both irrigated and non‐irrigated experiments with a total of 231 observations (1906 to 2019) for corn and 172 (1919 to 2018) for soybean. The yield data did not segregate by irrigation treatment, so the data were pooled for analyses. The yield increased linearly for both species (10.4 g m−2 d−1 for corn and 2.6 g m−2 d−1 for soybean). Plant population increased steadily for corn (fivefold) while there was no significant change for soybean. The consistent yield increase coupled with different population trends resulted in completely different trends in yield plant−1. Yield plant−1 increased in soybean while there was no change in corn. The soybean plant had the flexibility to accommodate the more than twofold increase in yield plant−1. The corn plant is potentially flexible, but the flexibility did not play a major role in hybrid improvement, so it was necessary to increase the population to accommodate higher yields.

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Genetic Improvement in Yield of Soybeans¹

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic Gain × Management Interactions in Soybean: II. Nitrogen Utilization

Genetic Gain × Management Interactions in Soybean: II. Nitrogen Utilization

Quantitative Trait Loci for Soybean Seed Yield in Elite and Plant Introduction Germplasm

Yield improvement and yield components: A comparison of corn and soybean

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Genetic Improvement in Yield of Soybeans1

Cited by 62 publications

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Genetic Gain × Management Interactions in Soybean: II. Nitrogen Utilization

Genetic Gain × Management Interactions in Soybean: II. Nitrogen Utilization

Quantitative Trait Loci for Soybean Seed Yield in Elite and Plant Introduction Germplasm

Yield improvement and yield components: A comparison of corn and soybean

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Genetic Improvement in Yield of Soybeans¹