Genetic Heterogeneity of HIV Type 1 in Russia: Identification of H Variants and Relationship with Epidemiological Data

Bobkov, Aleksei; Cheingsong-Popov, Rachanee; Selimova, L. M.; Kazennova, Elena; Karasyova, Natalia; Кравченко, А В; Ladnaya, Natalia; Pokrovsky, Vadim; Weber, Jonathan

doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1687

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…All primers have been described. 6,15 Primers ED12, ES7, and ES8 have been used for the successful amplification of HIV-1 strain from all group M subtypes [16][17][18][19] and primer KK1 was designed with the consensus sequence of the HIV-1 M group. After nested PCR (nPCR), the cDNA from four patients yielded positive signals by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.…”

Section: Rt-pcr Amplification Of Hiv-1 From 1978-1979 Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent Founder Effect during the Early Years of the San Francisco HIV Type 1 Epidemic (1978–1979)

Foley

Pan

Buchbinder

et al. 2000

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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HIV-1 envelope sequence variants were RT-PCR amplified from serum samples cryopreserved in San Francisco in 1978-1979. The HIV-1 subtype B env V3-V5 sequences from four homosexual men clustered phylogenetically, with a median nucleotide distance of 2.8%, reflecting a recent common origin. These early U.S. HIV-1 env variants mapped close to the phylogenetic root of the subtype B tree while env variants collected in the United States throughout the 1980s and 1990s showed, on average, increasing genetic diversity and divergence from the subtype B consensus sequence. These results indicate that the majority of HIV-1 currently circulating in the United States may be descended from an initial introduction and rapid spread during the mid- to late 1970s of subtype B viruses with limited variability (i.e., a founder effect). As expected from the starburst-shaped phylogeny of HIV-1 subtype B, contemporary U.S. strains were, on average, more closely related at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels to the earlier 1978-1979 env variants than to each other. The growing levels of HIV-1 genetic diversity, one of multiple obstacles in designing a protective vaccine, may therefore be mitigated by using epidemic founding variants as antigenic strains for protection against contemporary strains.

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Section: Rt-pcr Amplification Of Hiv-1 From 1978-1979 Seramentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent Founder Effect during the Early Years of the San Francisco HIV Type 1 Epidemic (1978–1979)

Foley

Pan

Buchbinder

et al. 2000

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Up to December 1995, there were only 1072 HIV-1 cases officially registered in Russia, and 72.0% of the cases with known risk factors were infected through sexual contacts. HIV-1 belonging to seven different genetic subtypes (A-D, F-H) [Bobkov et al, 1996;Leinikki et al, 1996] as well as three recombinant variants (CRF01_AE [Bobkov et al, 1997a], CRF02_AG ] and the gagDenvG [Bobkov et al, 1998a] recombinant) was found. Since that time, HIV-1 has been introduced into the injecting drug user (IDU) population, and the HIV-1 epidemic in Russia entered its second phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trends in the HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia: Predominance of subtype A

Bobkov

Kazennova

Selimova

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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During the period 1996-1997, three highly homogeneous variants of HIV-1 were identified, circulating among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the former Soviet Union republics. One of these belonged to HIV-1 genetic subtype A (IDU-A), another belonged to HIV-1 genetic subtype B (IDU-B) and the third was a recombinant between the first two variants (CRF03_AB). However, since 1997, the HIV-1 epidemic has affected an increasing number of geographic regions in Russia. This study was undertaken to survey the prevailing genetic variants and to estimate the current proportions of these three HIV-1 genetic subtypes in Russia. Blood samples were taken in 1999-2003 from 1090 HIV-infected individuals and analysed by gag/env HMA. The IDU-A variant was found to be the majority variant (89.7-100%) in 44 of 45 regions of the Russian Federation studied. The IDU-A variant was also found to spreading rapidly through heterosexual transmission in 1999-2003 (30/34, 88%). CRF03_AB predominates in the Kaliningrad region only (28/29, 96.6%). The IDU-B variant is currently of minor importance in the IDU epidemic but other European subtype B variants predominate among men having sex with men (18/18, 100%). Sequence analysis of the env V3 encoding regions derived from HIV-1 infected individuals in Yekaterinburg (the main centre of the HIV-1 epidemic in Russia in 2002-2003) showed that the IDU-A variant is still highly homogeneous. The mean pairwise nucleotide distance (n = 9) was 2.89 +/- 1.14 (range 1.36-6.14). However, the mean genetic distance between each sequence within the samples collected from the Yekaterinburg IDU-A variant subset and the IDU-A consensus is 2.51 +/- 1.06 (range 1.36-4.66) and considerably higher than in South Russia in 1996 (0.79 +/- 0.51, range 0.38-1.90). The current HIV-1 epidemic in Russia is almost entirely caused by a highly homogeneous A-subtype strain, which will influence vaccine development strategies and must be taken into account in the quality control of molecular tests for the diagnosis of HIV-1.

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“…4 In Europe, HIV-1 infection is currently dominated by subtype B but a growing mixture of HIV-1 subtypes has been reported. Studies in France, 5,6 Sweden, 7 Denmark, 8 Switzerland, 9 the United Kingdom, 10 Spain, 11,12 Greece, 13 Cyprus, 14 Belgium, 15,16 The Netherlands, 16 Germany, 17 Italy, 18 Austria, 19 Norway, 20 and Eastern Europe [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] have detected most of the group M clades. Group O has been reported in France, 6 Germany, 28 Belgium, 29 and Spain.…”

Section: Introduction Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 Infection in Portugal: High Prevalence of Non-B Subtypes

Esteves

Parreira

Venenno

et al. 2002

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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In this study, we have investigated the diversity of current HIV-1 strains circulating in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, Portugal. A total of 217 HIV-1-positive blood samples, collected between October 1998 and December 2000, was genetically characterized in the gp120 C2V3C3 region (n 5 205) or part of the gp41 N-terminal segment (n 5 12) by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) and/or DNA sequencing. The HMA subtyping efficiency (number of samples unambiguously subtyped by HMA divided by the total number of samples subtyped) was 65.9% (143 of 217), with indeterminate migration patterns of subtype A and G strains contributing significantly to this value. On the overall, subtype B was the most prevalent (50.2%), followed by subtypes G (21.7%), A (17.5%), and F (5.5%), whereas subtypes C, D, H, and J accounted altogether for 5.1% of the infections. Non-B subtypes were responsible for 77.4 and 33.1% of the infections among African immigrants and Portuguese subjects, respectively. Angolan individuals (n 5 25) were the only ones infected with all the HIV-1 subtypes documented, probably reflecting a high degree of viral genetic diversification in their country of origin. Phylogenetic analysis showed a predominance of IbNG-like viruses among subtype A sequences and two new major subclusters within subtype G (G P and G P 9). The majority of the Portuguese G sequences described formed a well-defined subcluster (G P ), supported by bootstrap values .90%, phylogenetically distant from clade G sequences in databases. gag (p24/p7) sequence analysis of these variants confirmed the maintenance of the subtype G subclusters. The multiple subclustering observed for the major clades A, B, D, and G, as well as the variety of subtypes found, indicate a high diversity of HIV-1 variants circulating in Portugal and suggest a need for continuous epidemiologic surveillance. 313

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Genetic Heterogeneity of HIV Type 1 in Russia: Identification of H Variants and Relationship with Epidemiological Data

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Apparent Founder Effect during the Early Years of the San Francisco HIV Type 1 Epidemic (1978–1979)

Apparent Founder Effect during the Early Years of the San Francisco HIV Type 1 Epidemic (1978–1979)

Temporal trends in the HIV‐1 epidemic in Russia: Predominance of subtype A

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 Infection in Portugal: High Prevalence of Non-B Subtypes

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