Genetic Diversity of Anopheles triannulatus s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Northwestern and Southeastern Colombia

BackgroundIn Colombia for several years, the Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú region has registered the highest numbers of malaria cases in the country. Malaria vector incrimination and the characterization of entomological parameters will allow for a better understanding of malaria transmission dynamics and the design of effective vector control strategies for this region.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal survey between November 2008 and June 2010 to quantify entomological (abundance and biting activity) and transmission parameters, including infection rate (IR) and entomological inoculation rate (EIR), to incriminate potential anopheline vectors in three localities of a major Colombian malaria endemic region, the Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú: La Capilla, Juan Jose and El Loro.ResultsA total of 5,316 anopheline mosquitoes corresponding to seven species were collected. Anopheles nuneztovari (69.5%) and Anopheles darlingi (22.2%) were the most abundant species, followed by Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (4.5%), Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (2%), Anopheles triannulatus lineage Northwest (1.8%), Anopheles punctimacula and Anopheles argyritarsis (at < 1%, each). Three species were naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax, An. nuneztovari, An. darlingi (IRs < 1%) and An. triannulatus (IR = 1.5%). Annual EIRs for these species ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 infective bites per year.ConclusionsThese results indicate that An. nuneztovari and An. darlingi continue to be the most important malaria vectors in this region. Anopheles triannulatus, a species of local importance in other South American countries was found naturally infected with Plasmodium vivax VK247; therefore, further work should be directed to understand if this species has a role in malaria transmission in this region.

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“…(2%), An. triannulatus lineage Northwest (NW) [41] (1.8%), An. punctimacula and Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy (each at ≤ 1%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boldfaced: collection period and name of the species with infected mosquitoes. Anopheles triannulatus specimens correspond to lineage Northwest [41]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance, behavior and entomological inoculation rates of anthropophilic anophelines from a primary Colombian malaria endemic area

et al. 2013

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“…Previous studies of genetic variation in An. albimanus (Gutiérrez et al, 2009) and other Colombian Anopheles species have found contemporary gene flow among various MBP populations (Gutiérrez et al, 2010; Jaramillo et al, 2011; Rosero et al, 2012). Gene flow tends to homogenize the genetic background of populations, including those genes involved in phenotypic traits (Hartl and Clark, 2007), therefore, and as reported (Fusco and Minelli, 2010), the slight wing shape differences detected may be the result of phenotypic plasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric morphometric analysis of Colombian Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) reveals significant effect of environmental factors on wing traits and presence of a metapopulation

et al. 2014

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Anopheles albimanus is a major malaria mosquito vector in Colombia. In the present study, wing variability (size and shape) in An. albimanus populations from Colombian Maracaibo and Chocó bio-geographical eco-regions and the relationship of these phenotypic traits with environmental factors were evaluated. Microsatellite and morphometric data facilitated a comparison of the genetic and phenetic structure of this species. Wing size was influenced by elevation and relative humidity, whereas wing shape was affected by these two variables and also by rainfall, latitude, temperature and eco-region. Significant differences in mean shape between populations and eco-regions were detected, but they were smaller than those at the intra-population level. Correct assignment based on wing shape was low at the population level (<58%) and only slightly higher (>70%) at the eco-regional level, supporting the low population structure inferred from microsatellite data. Wing size was similar among populations with no significant differences between eco-regions. Population relationships in the genetic tree did not agree with those from the morphometric data; however, both datasets consistently reinforced a panmictic population of An. albimanus. Overall, site-specific population differentiation is not strongly supported by wing traits or genotypic data. We hypothesize that the metapopulation structure of An. albimanus throughout these Colombian eco-regions is favoring plasticity in wing traits, a relevant characteristic of species living under variable environmental conditions and colonizing new habitats.

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“…albitarsis Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878, and An. triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto, 1922) (Gómez et al 2013; Gutiérrez et al 2010; Lehr et al 2005; Rona et al 2009, 2012; Rosero et al 2012; Silva-do-Nascimento et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of DNA barcoding to distinguish the malaria vector Anopheles neivai in Colombia

López-Rubio

Suaza-Vasco

Marcet

et al. 2016

Zootaxa

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A reference 535 bp barcode sequence from a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI), acquired from specimens of An. neivai Howard, Dyar & Knab, 1913 from its type locality in Panama, was used as a tool for distinguishing this species from others in the subgenus Kerteszia. Comparisons with corresponding regions of COI between An. neivai and other species in the subgenus (An. bellator Dyar & Knab 1906, An. homunculus Komp 1937, An cruzii Dyar & Knab, 1908 and An. laneanus Corrêa & Cerqueira, 1944) produced K2P genetic distances of 8.3–12.6%, values well above those associated with intraspecific variation. In contrast, genetic distances among 55 specimens from five municipalities in the Colombian Pacific coastal state of Chocó were all within the range of 0–2.5%, with an optimized barcode threshold of 1.3%, the limit for unambiguous differentiation of An. neivai. Among specimens from the Chocó region, 18 haplotypes were detected, two of which were widely distributed over the municipalities sampled. The barcode sequence permits discrimination of An. neivai from sympatric species and indicates genetic variability within the species; aspects key to malaria surveillance and control as well as defining geographic distribution and dispersion patterns.

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Genetic Diversity of Anopheles triannulatus s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Northwestern and Southeastern Colombia

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Abundance, behavior and entomological inoculation rates of anthropophilic anophelines from a primary Colombian malaria endemic area

Abundance, behavior and entomological inoculation rates of anthropophilic anophelines from a primary Colombian malaria endemic area

Geometric morphometric analysis of Colombian Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) reveals significant effect of environmental factors on wing traits and presence of a metapopulation

Use of DNA barcoding to distinguish the malaria vector Anopheles neivai in Colombia

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