Genetic diversity and morphological variability of fifteen Stachys (Lamiaceae) species from Iran using morphological and ISSR molecular markers

Abstract

Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) exhibits a great range of variation with cosmopolitan distribution. An area extremely rich in taxa including 34 species has been introduced in Iran. This study documents the genetic diversity and morphological variations of 48 accessions from fifteen Stachys species and two subspecies belonging to six sections. All of the specimens were collected from natural habitats in Zagros region of Iran. In order to evaluate morphological variations, 21 characters were used. Eleven ISSR primers with DNA samples of leaves were applied to assess the genetic variations among species and populations of the Stachys genus. Based on the results, from the eleven primers screened, nine primers produced reproducible bands. The highest percentage of polymorphism included 100% in section Aucheriana. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a high proportion of gene variation (42%) among populations within species. In total sections, the UPGMA clustering dendrogram genetically detected different groups. Based on the morphological analysis, each section was definitely positioned. A high genetic diversity and polymorphism was found among Stachys accessions belonging to each section. Based on the findings, the germplasm diversity was due to the wealth genetic resources in the central Zagros region which are important in plant breeding and gene conservation purposes. In addition, morphological and ISSR molecular markers are useful to display the diversity in Stachys genus.

Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

“…Genetic variability was also investigated in a genus of Lamiacea family as Ocimum, with the application of these markers (Chen et al, 2013;Patel et al, 2014). Germplasm variation detected by ISSRs has been reported in the genus Stachys, due to the rich genetic resources of the collection regions; which are important in conservation purposes (Kharazian et al, 2015).…”

“…In the era of modern biotechnology, several DNA-based molecular markers have been developed either for cultivar identification or assessment of genetic relationships among plant species. These techniques include properties like cost effectiveness, abundance, stability, high polymorphism and independency from environmental influences (Kharazian et al, 2015).…”

“…RAPD markers provide a convenient tool for studying genetic differences even at lower intraspecific levels.. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ISSR-PCR) technique is an efficient system for identification of plant genetic diversity. It is also suitable to address evolutionary processes at inter-and intra-specific level (Peng et al, 2014;Kharazian et al, 2015). This technique involves primers composed of a microsatellite sequence anchored at 3ʹ or 5ʹ ends by 2-4 arbitrary nucleotides and higher annealing temperatures.…”

Genetic diversity and relationships among salvia species by ISSR markers

“…Genetic variability was also investigated in a genus of Lamiacea family as Ocimum, with the application of these markers (CHEN et al, 2013;PATEL et al, 2014). Germplasm variation detected by ISSRs has been reported in the genus Stachys, due to the rich genetic resources of the collection regions; which are important in conservation purposes (KHARAZIAN et al, 2015). ISSR molecular markers have employed to show polymorphisms and distinguish Salvia miltiorrhiza germplasms by integrating with phenotypic characteristics (ZHANG et al, 2013).…”

Genetic Diversity of the Endemic Species Phlomis aurea Decne. in Southern Sinai, Egypt

“…Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR)has been used regularly for genetic diversity assessment as a thorough knowledge of the level and distribution of genetic variation (of length of DNA fragments between simple sequence repeats), which was essential for conservation (Dreisigacker et al, 2005;Sharma et al, 2008;Naik et al, 2010 andDas et al, 2011). This PCR-based DNA finger printing technique was proven to be very informative and costeffective technique in many individual species as their primers do not require prior knowledge of a species genome (Williams et al, 1990;Zietkiewicz et al, 1994;Kharazian et al, 2015 andBadr et al, 2014;.…”