Genetic diversity among Plasmodium falciparum field isolates in Pakistan measured with PCR genotyping of the merozoite surface protein 1 and 2

Ghanchi, Najia Karim; Mårtensson, Andreas; Ursing, Johan; Jafri, Sana; Bereczky, Sándor; Hussain, Rabia; Beg, Mohammad Asim

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-1

Cited by 205 publications

(227 citation statements)

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“…These findings are similar to the previous reports from Pakistan, India, Yemen, and sub-Saharan African countries. 10,11,16,25 A topography-based variation in the distribution of msp1, msp2, and glurp allelic families within the same area was described in previous studies, 8,10,16 which corroborates the finding of variations in allelic families in CHT and non-CHT areas in this study. Though the findings are corroborated by previous studies, in this study no significant differences were observed in the distribution of clones between the CHT and the non-CHT sample groups except for clones of 3D7/IC allelic family of msp2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In southeast Asia, MOI of P. falciparum for hypoendemic regions ranges from 1.00 to 2.70. 9,16,17 A high level of heterozygosity (0.80-0.93) for all the three markers in Bangladesh was recorded in this study. This finding is higher than the heterozygosity range (0.51-0.65) reported earlier in the southeast Asia/Pacific region but quite comparable to some malaria-hyperendemic African countries (0.76-0.98).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Since treatment with drugs of malaria patients is an integral part of malaria control and prevention strategy and the selected markers can be used as drug efficacy markers, knowing the baseline population structure of circulating parasites in an endemic country will aid in monitoring change in transmission pattern as well as efficacy of drugs that are in use. In this study, pretreatment patients were enrolled and genotyped to know parasite population structure and provide a baseline data for future reference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High polymorphism in merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1), merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2), and glutamaterich protein (glurp) genes have been shown in genetic diversity studies in different malaria-endemic countries from Asia to Africa. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Large allelic polymorphism has been reported in the block 2 of the msp1, the central repetitive domain of the msp2, and region II of the glurp. In msp1, three distinct allelic families have been described: K1, MAD20, and RO33 while in msp2, two allelic families, FC27 and 3D7/IC, have been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity in Bangladesh Does Not Suggest a Hypoendemic Population Structure

Alam¹,

Elahi²,

Mohon³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Despite the recommendation for the use of merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1), merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2), and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) genes as markers in drug efficacy studies by World Health Organization and their limited use in Bangladesh, the circulating Plasmodium falciparum population genetic structure has not yet been assessed in Bangladesh. This study presents a comprehensive report on the circulating P. falciparum population structure based on msp1, msp2, and glurp polymorphic gene markers in Bangladesh. Among the 130 pretreatment (day 0) P. falciparum samples from seven malaria-endemic districts, 14 distinct genotypes were observed for msp1, 20 for msp2, and 13 for glurp. Polyclonal infection was reported in 94.6% (N = 123) of the samples. Multiplicity of infection (MOI) for msp1 was the highest (1.5) among the MOIs of the markers. The heterozygosity for msp1, msp2, and glurp was 0.89, 0.93, and 0.83, respectively. Data according to different malaria-endemic areas are also presented and discussed. Bangladesh is considered as a malaria-hypoendemic country. However, the prevalence of polyclonal infection and the genetic diversity of P. falciparum do not represent hypoendemicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity in Bangladesh Does Not Suggest a Hypoendemic Population Structure

Alam¹,

Elahi²,

Mohon³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…An endemic area is attributed to higher parasite diversity and multiple genotypes of parasites. While, in low transmission areas parasites have a limited genetic diversity with monoclonal infections (Ghanchi et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in human malarial parasites of Khyber Agency Pakistan

Khatoon

Jan

Khan

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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Malaria is wide spread in poor world and its burden has been assessed by the enumeration of malarial parasites in blood of patients. This study was designed to find a relationship between social structure, and spread of malaria in Khyber agency. The average parasite density was 2050 parasite/μl in Khyber Agency. Due to economic and social setup most of the people have habit of sleeping in open air thus playing role in high malaria prevalence and Plasmodium vivax remains the prevalent species. Genetic study performed on 110 Blood samples showed less genetic diversity for both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Eight alleles were distinguished both for Pvmsp 3α and Pvmsp 3β in total of 20 and 39 amplified samples of P. vivax respectively. Out of 17 samples amplified for P. falciparum 11 showed genotype K1 and 10 for MAD at Pfmsp-1 while 14 alleles were identified for 3D7/1C and two for FC27 of corresponding families of Pfmsp-2 gene. This shows that Plasmodium parasites are not genetically diverse in Khyber agency.

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Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Zani

Gathu

Donegan

et al. 2014

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This review aims to assist the decision-making of malaria control programmes by providing an overview of the relative effects of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-P) versus other recommended ACTs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of DHA-P compared to other ACTs for treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in adults and children.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) published in The Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; EMBASE; LILACS, and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) up to July 2013.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials comparing a three-day course of DHA-P to a three-day course of an alternative WHO recommended ACT in uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. We analysed primary outcomes in line with the WHO 'Protocol for assessing and monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy’ and compared drugs using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Secondary outcomes were effects on gametocytes, haemoglobin, and adverse events. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach.Main resultsWe included 27 trials, enrolling 16,382 adults and children, and conducted between 2002 and 2010. Most trials excluded infants aged less than six months and pregnant women.DHA-P versus artemether-lumefantrineIn Africa, over 28 days follow-up, DHA-P is superior to artemether-lumefantrine at preventing further parasitaemia (PCR-unadjusted treatment failure: RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.39, nine trials, 6200 participants, high quality evidence), and although PCR-adjusted treatment failure was below 5% for both ACTs, it was consistently lower with DHA-P (PCR-adjusted treatment failure: RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.62, nine trials, 5417 participants, high quality evidence). DHA-P has a longer prophylactic effect on new infections which may last for up to 63 days (PCR-unadjusted treatment failure: RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.78, two trials, 3200 participants, high quality evidence).In Asia and Oceania, no differences have been shown at day 28 (four trials, 1143 participants, moderate quality evidence), or day 63 (one trial, 323 participants, low quality evidence).Compared to artemether-lumefantrine, no difference was seen in prolonged QTc (low quality evidence), and no cardiac arrhythmias were reported. The frequency of other adverse events is probably similar with both combinations (moderate quality evidence).DHA-P versus artesunate plus mefloquineIn Asia, over 28 days follow-up, DHA-P is as effective as artesunate plus mefloquine at preventing further parasitaemia (PCR-unadjusted treatment failure: eight trials, 3487 participants, high quality evidence). Once adjusted by PCR to exclude new infections, treatment ...

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Genetic diversity among Plasmodium falciparum field isolates in Pakistan measured with PCR genotyping of the merozoite surface protein 1 and 2

Cited by 205 publications

References 24 publications

Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity in Bangladesh Does Not Suggest a Hypoendemic Population Structure

Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity in Bangladesh Does Not Suggest a Hypoendemic Population Structure

Genetic diversity in human malarial parasites of Khyber Agency Pakistan

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria

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