Genetic Association with Subgingival Bacterial Colonization in Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent form of inflammatory destructive bone disease and has been affecting humans since antiquity. Evidence suggest that genetic factors can highly influence periodontitis risk, modulating disease elements such as the susceptibility to microbial colonization and the nature of subsequent host-microbe interaction. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the occurrence of periodontitis, but the full range of genetic influence in periodontitis outcomes remains to be determined. In this context, this study comprises an analysis of possible correlation between periodontitis-related genetic variants with changes in the subgingival microbiological pattern performed in a Brazilian population (n = 167, comprising 76 chronic periodontitis patients and 91 healthy subjects). For the genetic characterization, 19 candidate SNPs were selected based on the top hits of previous large genome wide association studies (GWAS), while the subgingival microbiota was characterized for the presence and relative quantity of 40 bacterial species by DNA-DNA checkerboard. The case/control association test did not demonstrate a significant effect of the target SNPs with the disease phenotype. The polymorphism rs2521634 proved significantly associated with Tannerella forsythia, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Fusobacterium periodonticum, and Prevotella nigrescens; rs10010758 and rs6667202 were associated with increased counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis; and rs10043775 proved significantly associated with decreased counts of Prevotella intermedia. In conclusion, we present strong evidence supporting a direct connection between the host’s genetic profile, specifically rs2521634, rs10010758, rs6667202, and rs10043775 polymorphisms, and the occurrence of chronic periodontitis-associated bacteria.

Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) Gene Variants and Their Association with Periodontal Bacteria in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

“…A lot of studies have focused on the relationship between the selected gene variants and the presence of periodontal bacteria studied in the recent review and meta-analysis by Nibali et al [39]. Evidence suggests that genetic factors can influence periodontitis risk, modulating disease elements such as the susceptibility to microbial colonization and the nature of subsequent host-microbe interaction [40, 41]. Our previous research into IL-8 gene polymorphisms in CP and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients shows the association between IL-8 genotypes and the occurrence of specific periodontal bacteria [24].…”

Periodontal health and disease: The contribution of genetics

“…Suggestive evidence of an association for 13 genetic loci and “red” and “orange” complex microbiota was detected in a genome‐wide association study that also reported nominal associations for IL‐6 gene variants (rs1800795 and rs1800796) with high “red complex” 149 . Another study of patients with chronic periodontitis patients using checkerboard analysis of the subgingival microbiota suggested an association between other single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2521364, rs10010758, rs6667202, and rs10043775) and specific periodontopathogenic bacteria 150 . However, other studies showed no differences in the supra‐ and subgingival species shared by monozygotic and dizygotic twins, suggesting that any host genetic effects may not affect mature bacterial communities 151 .…”

Identification of Disease Risk DNA Variations is Shaping the Future of Precision Health

“…This Special Issue on DNA Variations in Evolution and Human Diseases features a series of studies that identify new pathological and protective DNA variations in common human diseases and conditions including chronic periodontitis [11], familial adenomatous polyposis [12], asthma [13], rheumatoid arthritis [14], multiple myeloma [15], dental implant failure [16], tooth agenesis [17], tuberculosis [18], and developmental disorders [19,20].…”