Genetic and genomic basis of antibody response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in gilts and sows

Serão, Nick V. L.; Kemp, R. A.; Mote, Benny E; Willson, Philip; Harding, John C. S.; Bishop, Stephen; Plastow, Graham; Dekkers, Jack C. M.

doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0230-0

Cited by 26 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is important to avoid bias in the marker estimates. These results are in accordance with other studies that estimated marker effects using all markers and then predicted breeding values based on QTL SNPs only [67,68]. Therefore, these results indicate that genomic prediction for VS traits is possible in purebred pigs.…”

Section: Genomic Predictionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Genetic and genomic characterization of vulva size traits in Yorkshire and Landrace gilts

Corredor

Sanglard

Leach³

et al. 2020

BMC Genet

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Background: Reproductive performance is critical for efficient swine production. Recent results indicated that vulva size (VS) may be predictive of reproductive performance in sows. Study objectives were to estimate genetic parameters, identify genomic regions associated, and estimate genomic prediction accuracies (GPA) for VS traits. Results: Heritability estimates of VS traits, vulva area (VA), height (VH), and width (VW) measurements, were moderately to highly heritable in Yorkshire, with 0.46 ± 0.10, 0.55 ± 0.10, 0.31 ± 0.09, respectively, whereas these estimates were low to moderate in Landrace, with 0.16 ± 0.09, 0.24 ± 0.11, and 0.08 ± 0.06, respectively. Genetic correlations within VS traits were very high for both breeds, with the lowest of 0.67 ± 0.29 for VH and VW for Landrace. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for Landrace, reveled genomic region associated with VS traits on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 2 (154-157 Mb), 7 (107-110 Mb), 8 (4-6 Mb), and 10 (8-19 Mb). For Yorkshire, genomic regions on SSC 1 (87-91 and 282-287 Mb) and 5 (67 Mb) were identified. All regions explained at least 3.4% of the genetic variance. Accuracies of genomic prediction were moderate in Landrace, ranging from 0.30 (VH) to 0.61 (VA), and lower for Yorkshire, with 0.07 (VW) to 0.11 (VH). Between-breed and multi-breed genomic prediction accuracies were low. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that VS traits are heritable in Landrace and Yorkshire gilts. Genomic analyses show that major QTL control these traits, and they differ between breed. Genomic information can be used to increase genetic gains for these traits in gilts. Additional research must be done to validate the GWAS and genomic prediction results reported in our study.

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Section: Genomic Predictionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Finally, GPAs were calculated using SNP estimates and genotypes from markers outside these QTL and referred to as REST. For REST, SNPs within 3 Mb from the limits of the QTL were removed to avoid SNPs in some degree of LD with the QTL to capture any unwanted effects [67].…”

Section: Genomic Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and genomic characterization of vulva size traits in Yorkshire and Landrace gilts

Corredor

Sanglard

Leach³

et al. 2020

BMC Genet

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“…This proposition is further strengthened by results from an outbreak in a reproductive sow herd reported by Serão et al (2014), which found high favorable genetic correlations of S:P ratio measured by ELISA ∼46 days after the outbreak with reproductive performance (litter size, number stillborn, number mummies) during the outbreak. Indeed, further studies indicated moderate genomic prediction accuracies for PRRS S:P ratio using SNPs located within two genomic regions on SSC7 that had large effects on S:P ratio, while the rest of the genome showed limited predictive ability (Serão et al, 2016). Further work is needed to confirm these associations, as well as the relationship of S:P ratio following vaccination with host response and performance during PRRS infection.…”

Section: Antibody Responsementioning

confidence: 98%

Host genetics of response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in nursery pigs

Dekkers

Rowland

Lunney

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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A B S T R A C TPRRS is the most costly disease in the US pig industry. While vaccination, biosecurity and eradication effort have had some success, the variability and infectiousness of PRRS virus strains have hampered the effectiveness of these measures. We propose the use of genetic selection of pigs as an additional and complementary effort. Several studies have shown that host response to PRRS infection has a sizeable genetic component and recent advances in genomics provide opportunities to capitalize on these genetic differences and improve our understanding of host response to PRRS. While work is also ongoing to understand the genetic basis of host response to reproductive PRRS, the focus of this review is on research conducted on host response to PRRS in the nursery and grow-finish phase as part of the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium. Using experimental infection of large numbers of commercial nursery pigs, combined with deep phenotyping and genomics, this research has identified a major gene that is associated with host response to PRRS. Further functional genomics work identified the GBP5 gene as harboring the putative causative mutation. GBP5 is associated with innate immune response. Subsequent work has validated the effect of this genomic region on host response to a second PRRSV strain and to PRRS vaccination and co-infection of nursery pigs with PRRSV and PCV2b. A genetic marker near GBP5 is available to the industry for use in selection. Genetic differences in host response beyond GBP5 appear to be highly polygenic, i.e. controlled by many genes across the genome, each with a small effect. Such effects can by capitalized on in a selection program using genomic prediction on large numbers of genetic markers across the genome. Additional work has also identified the genetic basis of antibody response to PRRS, which could lead to the use of vaccine response as an indicator trait to select for host response to PRRS. Other genomic analyses, including gene expression analyses, have identified genes and modules of genes that are associated with differences in host response to PRRS and can be used to further understand and utilize differences in host response. Together, these results demonstrate that genetic selection can be an additional and complementary tool to combat PRRS in the swine industry.

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“…For the next step, pigs differing at most in susceptibility/resistance were used in experiments to take a detailed look at their genetic peculiarities. Three major setups were applied initially: QTL analysis [39] and genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used to identify chromosomal areas and eventually single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PRRS phenotypes (e.g., degree of viremia, lung lesions and performance after PRRSV infection [13][14][15], antibody response [105]) and differential expression experiments to detect genes via differences in their expression levels in susceptible and resistant pigs [103,104]. The most significant results have been achieved by Joan Lunney (USDA), Bob Rowland (Kansas State University) and colleagues, particularly in the context of the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium (PHGC, for a review, see [69]).…”

Section: Natural Genetic Disease Resistance Against Prrs In Swine Brementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic resistance - an alternative for controlling PRRS?

Reiner

2016

Porc Health Manag

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PRRS is one of the most challenging diseases for world-wide pig production. Attempts for a sustainable control of this scourge by vaccination have not yet fully satisfied. With an increasing knowledge and methodology in disease resistance, a new world-wide endeavour has been started to support the combat of animal diseases, based on the existence of valuable gene variants with regard to any host-pathogen interaction. Several groups have produced a wealth of evidence for natural variability in resistance/susceptibility to PRRS in our commercial breeding lines. However, up to now, exploiting existing variation has failed because of the difficulty to detect the carriers of favourable and unfavourable alleles, especially with regard to such complex polygenic traits like resistance to PRRS. New hope comes from new genomic tools like next generation sequencing which have become extremely fast and low priced. Thus, research is booming world-wide and the jigsaw puzzle is filling up – slowly but steadily. On the other hand, knowledge from virological and biomedical basic research has opened the way for an “intervening way”, i.e. the modification of identified key genes that occupy key positions in PRRS pathogenesis, like CD163. CD163 was identified as the striking receptor in PRRSV entry and its knockout from the genome by gene editing has led to the production of pigs that were completely resistant to PRRSV – a milestone in modern pig breeding. However, at this early step, concerns remain about the acceptance of societies for gene edited products and regulation still awaits upgrading to the new technology. Further questions arise with regard to upcoming patents from an ethical and legal point of view. Eventually, the importance of CD163 for homeostasis, defence and immunity demands for more insight before its complete or partial silencing can be answered. Whatever path will be followed, even a partial abolishment of PRRSV replication will lead to a significant improvement of the disastrous herd situation, with a significant impact on welfare, performance, antimicrobial consumption and consumer protection. Genetics will be part of a future solution.

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Genetic and genomic basis of antibody response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in gilts and sows

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Genetic and genomic characterization of vulva size traits in Yorkshire and Landrace gilts

Genetic and genomic characterization of vulva size traits in Yorkshire and Landrace gilts

Host genetics of response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in nursery pigs

Genetic resistance - an alternative for controlling PRRS?

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