Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Control of Growth in Childhood

Rona, Roberto

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071713

Cited by 84 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…1 Retrospective data on childhood socioeconomic position based on the occupational status of one's father have been shown to be reliable. 29 The occupational status of the father is thought to serve as a marker of environmental circumstances in childhood, 30 validated by its association with adult height 30 -32 and childhood material circumstances. 8 Although some degree of recall error cannot be ruled out when a retrospective measure is used, it would, if anything, most likely be of a nonsystematic nature, thus attenuating the true association between low childhood SES and outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Course Perspective on Socioeconomic Differences in Carotid Atherosclerosis

Östergren

Hedblad

Isacsson

et al. 2002

ATVB

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Objective-Socioeconomic status (SES) in adulthood is known to be related to carotid atherosclerosis. However, few studies have tried to assess its association with SES from a life-course perspective. Methods and Results-We examined the relationship between SES in childhood and in adulthood and carotid atherosclerosis in a general population of Swedish men and women. Carotid stenosis was determined by B-mode ultrasound. Results showed that women whose fathers' occupations involved unskilled manual labor had higher odds of carotid stenosis than did women whose fathers' occupations involved high-or medium-level nonmanual labor, even after adjustment for adult occupational status and risk factors (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8). No such association appeared in men. Furthermore, the impact of life-course SES on atherosclerosis was examined by using an additive measure of one's combined SES during childhood and adulthood. Among women, the odds of carotid stenosis increased with a rise in exposure to low SES during the life-course (P for trendϽ0.001). In men, no such trend was found. Conclusions-The results indicate that the total life-course exposure to low SES, with contributions from childhood and adulthood, seems to play a role in atherogenesis in women. Such a pattern of association could not be shown in men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Course Perspective on Socioeconomic Differences in Carotid Atherosclerosis

Östergren

Hedblad

Isacsson

et al. 2002

ATVB

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“…However, sample sizes for the nonindustrial samples are smaller, ranging instead from 6 to 180, making sampling error a serious possibility. However, stature is a stable trait of high heritability and is characterized by a low coefficient of variation (Rona, 1981;Mueller and Titcomb, 1977;Mueller, 1977;Goldstein, 1981).The list of nonindustrialized samples is, I believe, exhaustive. However, our results must obviously be considered as tentative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐specific variation in the secular trend for stature: A comparison of samples from industrialized and nonindustrialized regions

McCullough

McCullough²

1984

American J Phys Anthropol

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Age-specific secular trend patterns for children in industrialized world regions have a regular pattern, beginning low at age 6 and increasing to a maximum at age 10 to 14, then declining. While magnitude differs, the patterns are ordinarily parallel, especially in the female samples. However, age-specific secular trend values for children from developing regions, or from areas of industrialized countries not benefitting substantially from development, are irregular in pattern and magnitude. Consequently, it is difficult to predict age at maximal secular change. We suggest that fluctuating environmental circumstances in these developing countries influence growth and, hence, the pattern of secular trend. As more stable environmental conditions relating to growth are present in the industrialized countries, this leads to more stable patterns of growth and age-specific patterns of secular change.

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“…Se ha sefialado que en la etapa prepuberal el crecimiento esta influido especialmente por factores ambientales y en la pubertad por factores geneticos 5 . Si bien el dimorfismo sexual de la estatura sugiere la influencia de factores etnicos, no se puede descartar la influencia de factores ambientales en la menor estatura de los escolares de los NSE mas bajos, al compararlos con el alto, pues afecta a ambos sexos y esta presente desde edades tempranas.…”

Section: Comentariounclassified

Peso, talla y perímetro craneano de escolares de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, de acuerdo al nivel socioeconómico

A¹,

B²,

B³

1992

Rev. chil. pediatr.

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Body weight, stature and skull circumference were measured in a sample of 5 557 school age children representative of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, aged 6 to 1 5 years. Socioeconomic condition was stratified by a modified Graffar score. Results were expressed according to age, sex and socioeconomic level. Lower weight and height were recorded among subjects of lower socioeconomic stratum from age six year on. However, these differences dissapear along age in males, while persisting and even increasing until 1 4 years of age in females, specially those of height. Skull circumference showed smaller differences among socioeconomic groups in both sexes, which also dissapear with age. These results show sexual dimorphym in height growth patterns. We cannot draw conclusion as to the influence of ethnic and environmental factors. These measurements are important for growth and development surveillance of children belonging to different socioeconomic levels, to describe secular trends of growth in our populations and to allow better critical appraisal and understanding of individual cases.(Key words: Growth, height, weight, head circumference, socioeconomic influences.)La vigilancia periodica del peso, la talla y el perimetro craneano constituyen excelentes parametros para evaluar el estado de salud y pesquisar en forma temprana alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo. A nivel poblacional, permite conocer la tendencia secular del crecimiento. La estabilizacion del crecimiento estatural de una poblacion traduce mejor expresi6n del potencial gene"tico y desaparicion de los factores ambientales que lo alteraban. Las poblaciones de pai'ses en desarrollo, en cambio, estan incrementando su estatura, lo que sugiere que aun estan superando factores ambientales que afectan el crecimiento 1 . La influencia de factores geneticos y ambientales sobre el crecimiento explica las diferencias detectadas en el peso y la talla por niveles socioeconomicos (NSE) y por region, dentro de un mismo pai's, en estudios realizados las ultimas tres decadas 2 " 11 . En Chile se ban demostrado diferencias de crecimiento en preescolares y puberes de diferentes estratos socioeconomicos, atribuidas tanto a factores etnicos como ambientales 12 " 14 y posiblemente a diferencias en el grado de desarrollo puberal alcanzado, ya que la edad de desarrollo puberal parece influtr mas que la edad cronologica en el peso y la estatura 2 ' 3 > ls .Existen controversias acerca de cuales seri'an las tablas ideales para evaluar el crecimiento. Se piensa que las curvas de pai'ses desarrollados son las adecuadas, por reflejar mejor el potencial gene"tico de crecimiento de una poblacion. Sin embargo, existen diferencias etnicas entre pai'ses y grupos poblacionales, que se traducen en diferencias del crecimiento y desarrollo 2 ' 3 ' 16 . 321

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Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Control of Growth in Childhood

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

Life-Course Perspective on Socioeconomic Differences in Carotid Atherosclerosis

Life-Course Perspective on Socioeconomic Differences in Carotid Atherosclerosis

Age‐specific variation in the secular trend for stature: A comparison of samples from industrialized and nonindustrialized regions

Peso, talla y perímetro craneano de escolares de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, de acuerdo al nivel socioeconómico

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